Workshop report
| 
28 Oct 2022
Workshop report |
| 28 Oct 2022
| 28 Oct 2022
Mediterranean–Black Sea gateway exchange: scientific drilling workshop on the BlackGate project
Wout Krijgsman
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
Iuliana Vasiliev
Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Anouk Beniest
Department of Geosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Timothy Lyons
Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
Johanna Lofi
Géosciences Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France
Gabor Tari
OMV Upstream, Exploration, 1020 Vienna, Austria
Caroline P. Slomp
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
Namik Cagatay
EMCOL Research Centre, Department of Geological Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
Maria Triantaphyllou
Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
Rachel Flecker
BRIDGE, School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
Dan Palcu
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade do São Paulo, 05508-120 São Paulo, Brazil
Cecilia McHugh
Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Helge Arz
Marine Geology, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), 18119 Rostock, Germany
Pierre Henry
Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France
Karen Lloyd
Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Gunay Cifci
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Enstitüsü, İnciraltı, 35340 İzmir, Turkey
Özgür Sipahioglu
Exploration Department, Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim Ortakliǧi (TPAO), 06530 Çankaya-Ankara, Turkey
Dimitris Sakellariou
Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 19103 Anavyssos, Greece
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
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Cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the Baltic Sea ecosystem, causing deoxygenation of the bottom water. In order to understand the natural versus anthropogenic factors driving these blooms, it is necessary to study long-term trends beyond observations. We have produced a record of cyanobacterial blooms since 1860 using organic molecules (biomarkers) preserved in sediments. Cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea are likely mainly related to temperature variability.
Julien Richirt, Bettina Riedel, Aurélia Mouret, Magali Schweizer, Dewi Langlet, Dorina Seitaj, Filip J. R. Meysman, Caroline P. Slomp, and Frans J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1415–1435, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1415-2020, 2020
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The paper presents the response of benthic foraminiferal communities to seasonal absence of oxygen coupled with the presence of hydrogen sulfide, considered very harmful for several living organisms.
Our results suggest that the foraminiferal community mainly responds as a function of the duration of the adverse conditions.
This knowledge is especially useful to better understand the ecology of benthic foraminifera but also in the context of palaeoceanographic interpretations.
Sabrina van de Velde, Elisabeth L. Jorissen, Thomas A. Neubauer, Silviu Radan, Ana Bianca Pavel, Marius Stoica, Christiaan G. C. Van Baak, Alberto Martínez Gándara, Luis Popa, Henko de Stigter, Hemmo A. Abels, Wout Krijgsman, and Frank P. Wesselingh
Biogeosciences, 16, 2423–2442, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2423-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2423-2019, 2019
Erik Gustafsson, Mathilde Hagens, Xiaole Sun, Daniel C. Reed, Christoph Humborg, Caroline P. Slomp, and Bo G. Gustafsson
Biogeosciences, 16, 437–456, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-437-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-437-2019, 2019
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This work highlights that iron (Fe) dynamics plays a key role in the release of alkalinity from sediments, as exemplified for the Baltic Sea. It furthermore demonstrates that burial of Fe sulfides should be included in alkalinity budgets of low-oxygen basins. The sedimentary alkalinity generation may undergo large changes depending on both organic matter loads and oxygen conditions. Enhanced release of alkalinity from the seafloor can increase the CO2 storage capacity of seawater.
Alexandre Janin, Mathieu Rodriguez, Dimitris Sakellariou, Vasilis Lykousis, and Christian Gorini
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 121–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-121-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-121-2019, 2019
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Here we present new numerical simulations showing that Holocene submarine landslides along the North Anatolian Fault in the Aegean Sea may have triggered tsunamis higher than the ones expected for earthquake sources. During the Holocene, the shore facing the city of Alexandroupoli may have been impacted by tsunami up to 1.65 m at the coastline.
Wytze K. Lenstra, Matthias Egger, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Emma Kritzberg, Daniel J. Conley, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 15, 6979–6996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, 2018
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We show that burial rates of phosphorus (P) in an estuary in the northern Baltic Sea are very high. We demonstrate that at high sedimentation rates, P retention in the sediment is related to the formation of vivianite. With a reactive transport model, we assess the sensitivity of sedimentary vivianite formation. We suggest that enrichments of iron and P in the sediment are linked to periods of enhanced riverine input of Fe, which subsequently strongly enhances P burial in coastal sediments.
Claire Waelbroeck, Sylvain Pichat, Evelyn Böhm, Bryan C. Lougheed, Davide Faranda, Mathieu Vrac, Lise Missiaen, Natalia Vazquez Riveiros, Pierre Burckel, Jörg Lippold, Helge W. Arz, Trond Dokken, François Thil, and Arnaud Dapoigny
Clim. Past, 14, 1315–1330, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1315-2018, 2018
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Recording the precise timing and sequence of events is essential for understanding rapid climate changes and improving climate model predictive skills. Here, we precisely assess the relative timing between ocean and atmospheric changes, both recorded in the same deep-sea core over the last 45 kyr. We show that decreased mid-depth water mass transport in the western equatorial Atlantic preceded increased rainfall over the adjacent continent by 120 to 980 yr, depending on the type of climate event.
Sami A. Jokinen, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Tom Jilbert, Jérôme Kaiser, Olaf Dellwig, Helge W. Arz, Jari Hänninen, Laura Arppe, Miia Collander, and Timo Saarinen
Biogeosciences, 15, 3975–4001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3975-2018, 2018
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Oxygen deficiency is a major environmental problem deteriorating seafloor habitats especially in the coastal ocean with large human impact. Here we apply a wide set of chemical and physical analyses to a 1500-year long sediment record and show that, although long-term climate variability has modulated seafloor oxygenation in the coastal northern Baltic Sea, the oxygen loss over the 20th century is unprecedentedly severe, emphasizing the need to reduce anthropogenic nutrient input in the future.
Arnaud Beckers, Aurelia Hubert-Ferrari, Christian Beck, George Papatheodorou, Marc de Batist, Dimitris Sakellariou, Efthymios Tripsanas, and Alain Demoulin
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1411–1425, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1411-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1411-2018, 2018
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Coastal and submarine landslides occur on average every 30–50 years at the western tip of the Gulf of Corinth. These landslides trigger tsunamis and thus represent a significant hazard. We realized an inventory of the submarine landslide deposits in the western Gulf. Six large events are identified in the last 130 000 years. Such sliding events likely generated large tsunami waves in the whole Gulf of Corinth, possibly larger than those reported in historical sources.
Nikki Dijkstra, Mathilde Hagens, Matthias Egger, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 15, 861–883, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-861-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-861-2018, 2018
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We show that post-depositional formation of iron(II) phosphate as vivianite strongly alters the phosphorus record in sediments of the Bornholm Basin (Baltic Sea). These minerals began to precipitate in the lake sediments just after the last lake–marine transition ~ 7.5 kyr BP, migrated downwards and are now a stable feature. Formation of vivianite may affect sedimentary phosphorus records in other systems as well. This should be considered when using such records to reconstruct past environments.
Björn Klaes, Rolf Kilian, Gerhard Wörner, Sören Thiele-Bruhn, and Helge W. Arz
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 67, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-1-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-67-1-2018, 2018
Jassin Petersen, Christine Barras, Antoine Bézos, Carole La, Lennart J. de Nooijer, Filip J. R. Meysman, Aurélia Mouret, Caroline P. Slomp, and Frans J. Jorissen
Biogeosciences, 15, 331–348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-331-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-331-2018, 2018
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In Lake Grevelingen, a coastal ecosystem, foraminifera experience important temporal variations in oxygen concentration and in pore water manganese. The high resolution of LA-ICP-MS allows us to analyse the chambers of foraminiferal shells separately and to obtain signals from a series of calcification events. We estimate the variability in Mn/Ca observed within single shells due to biomineralization and show that a substantial part of the signal is related to environmental variability.
Ulrich Kotthoff, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jeanine L. Ash, Anne-Sophie Fanget, Nadine Quintana Krupinski, Odile Peyron, Anna Stepanova, Jonathan Warnock, Niels A. G. M. Van Helmond, Benjamin H. Passey, Ole Rønø Clausen, Ole Bennike, Elinor Andrén, Wojciech Granoszewski, Thomas Andrén, Helena L. Filipsson, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Caroline P. Slomp, and Thorsten Bauersachs
Biogeosciences, 14, 5607–5632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5607-2017, 2017
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We present reconstructions of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, and paleoecology from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ~ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of numerous proxies. Conditions were lacustrine until ~ 7400 cal yr BP. A transition to brackish–marine conditions then occurred within ~ 200 years. Salinity proxies rarely allowed quantitative estimates but revealed congruent results, while quantitative temperature reconstructions differed depending on the proxies used.
Matthias Egger, Peter Kraal, Tom Jilbert, Fatimah Sulu-Gambari, Célia J. Sapart, Thomas Röckmann, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 13, 5333–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5333-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5333-2016, 2016
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By combining detailed geochemical analyses with diagenetic modeling, we provide new insights into how methane dynamics may strongly overprint burial records of iron, sulfur and phosphorus in marine systems subject to changes in organic matter loading or water column salinity. A better understanding of these processes will improve our ability to read ancient sediment records and thus to predict the potential consequences of global warming and human-enhanced inputs of nutrients to the ocean.
A. Marzocchi, D. J. Lunt, R. Flecker, C. D. Bradshaw, A. Farnsworth, and F. J. Hilgen
Clim. Past, 11, 1271–1295, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1271-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1271-2015, 2015
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This paper investigates the climatic response to orbital forcing through the analysis of an ensemble of simulations covering a late Miocene precession cycle. Including orbital variability in our model–data comparison reduces the mismatch between the proxy record and model output. Our results indicate that ignoring orbital variability could lead to miscorrelations in proxy reconstructions. The North African summer monsoon's sensitivity is high to orbits, moderate to paleogeography and low to CO2.
C. Lenz, T. Jilbert, D.J. Conley, M. Wolthers, and C.P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 12, 4875–4894, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4875-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4875-2015, 2015
M. Hagens, C. P. Slomp, F. J. R. Meysman, D. Seitaj, J. Harlay, A. V. Borges, and J. J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 12, 1561–1583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-1561-2015, 2015
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This study looks at the combined impacts of hypoxia and acidification, two major environmental stressors affecting coastal systems, in a seasonally stratified basin. Here, the surface water experiences less seasonality in pH than the bottom water despite higher process rates. This is due to a substantial reduction in the acid-base buffering capacity of the bottom water as it turns hypoxic in summer. This highlights the crucial role of the buffering capacity as a modulating factor in pH dynamics.
C. Beck, C. Campos, K. K. Eriş, N. Çağatay, B. Mercier de Lepinay, and F. Jouanne
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 247–259, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-247-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-247-2015, 2015
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Deciphering coseismic offsets from creeping is a key point for an active fault behavior. In a subaqueous setting, coseismic offsets of the seafloor may be sealed off by earthquake-triggered sediments. Along the limit of a pull-apart basin in the Sea of Marmara, successive vertical offsets (up to 1.4m) are deduced from the thicknesses of homogenites which seal-off created scarps. During a 2kyr period, coseismic seafloor offsets are dominant, representing potential tsunami hazards.
H. Kuehn, L. Lembke-Jene, R. Gersonde, O. Esper, F. Lamy, H. Arz, G. Kuhn, and R. Tiedemann
Clim. Past, 10, 2215–2236, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2215-2014, 2014
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Annually laminated sediments from the NE Bering Sea reveal a decadal-scale correlation to Greenland ice core records during termination I, suggesting an atmospheric teleconnection. Lamination occurrence is tightly coupled to Bølling-Allerød and Preboreal warm phases. Increases in export production, closely coupled to SST and sea ice changes, are hypothesized to be a main cause of deglacial anoxia, rather than changes in overturning/ventilation rates of mid-depth waters entering the Bering Sea.
A. Sluijs, L. van Roij, G. J. Harrington, S. Schouten, J. A. Sessa, L. J. LeVay, G.-J. Reichart, and C. P. Slomp
Clim. Past, 10, 1421–1439, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1421-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1421-2014, 2014
L. S. Shumilovskikh, D. Fleitmann, N. R. Nowaczyk, H. Behling, F. Marret, A. Wegwerth, and H. W. Arz
Clim. Past, 10, 939–954, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-939-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-939-2014, 2014
B. N. Orcutt, D. E. LaRowe, K. G. Lloyd, H. Mills, W. Orsi, B. K. Reese, J. Sauvage, J. A. Huber, and J. Amend
Sci. Dril., 17, 61–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-61-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-61-2014, 2014
R. F. Ivanovic, P. J. Valdes, R. Flecker, and M. Gutjahr
Clim. Past, 10, 607–622, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-607-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-607-2014, 2014
J. Friedrich, F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, H. W. Bange, N. Boltacheva, M. N. Çagatay, A. W. Dale, G. Etiope, Z. Erdem, M. Geraga, A. Gilli, M. T. Gomoiu, P. O. J. Hall, D. Hansson, Y. He, M. Holtappels, M. K. Kirf, M. Kononets, S. Konovalov, A. Lichtschlag, D. M. Livingstone, G. Marinaro, S. Mazlumyan, S. Naeher, R. P. North, G. Papatheodorou, O. Pfannkuche, R. Prien, G. Rehder, C. J. Schubert, T. Soltwedel, S. Sommer, H. Stahl, E. V. Stanev, A. Teaca, A. Tengberg, C. Waldmann, B. Wehrli, and F. Wenzhöfer
Biogeosciences, 11, 1215–1259, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014, 2014
I. Ruvalcaba Baroni, R. P. M. Topper, N. A. G. M. van Helmond, H. Brinkhuis, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 11, 977–993, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-977-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-977-2014, 2014
A. F. Bouwman, M. F. P. Bierkens, J. Griffioen, M. M. Hefting, J. J. Middelburg, H. Middelkoop, and C. P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 10, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Location/Setting: Deep sea | Subject: Geology | Geoprocesses: Global climate change
A synthesis of monsoon exploration in the Asian marginal seas
Late Miocene wood recovered in Bengal–Nicobar submarine fan sediments by IODP Expedition 362
Coring the sedimentary expression of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: new stratigraphic records from the Tethys Ocean
Global monsoon and ocean drilling
IODP expedition 347: Baltic Sea basin paleoenvironment and biosphere
Exploring new drilling prospects in the southwest Pacific
Peter D. Clift, Christian Betzler, Steven C. Clemens, Beth Christensen, Gregor P. Eberli, Christian France-Lanord, Stephen Gallagher, Ann Holbourn, Wolfgang Kuhnt, Richard W. Murray, Yair Rosenthal, Ryuji Tada, and Shiming Wan
Sci. Dril., 31, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-1-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-1-2022, 2022
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An integrated campaign of drilling around Asia and Australia was conducted from 2013 to 2016 to reconstruct the monsoon climate. The results provide relatively continuous records spanning the last 24 myr. Asia has shown a steady drying since the late Miocene, while Australia has become wetter. The monsoons are affected by the tectonics of Asia and surrounding seas, as well as orbital forcing, resulting in diachronous evolution of continental climate, ocean currents, and the marine biosphere.
Lisa McNeill, Brandon Dugan, Katerina Petronotis, Kitty Milliken, Jane Francis, and the Expedition 362 Scientists
Sci. Dril., 27, 49–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-27-49-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-27-49-2020, 2020
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The IODP scientific ocean drilling program drilled into the sediments of the Bengal–Nicobar submarine fan system west of Sumatra, Indonesia. Within the cores, a large piece of fossilized wood was discovered, 9 million years in age and buried beneath 800 m of sediment; it is thought to be the largest wood fragment found in scientific ocean drilling boreholes. The wood is believed to be a species of flowering plant and may have originated from the north, east, or even as a result of a tsunami.
Elisabetta Erba, Gabriele Gambacorta, Stefano Visentin, Liyenne Cavalheiro, Dario Reolon, Giulia Faucher, and Matteo Pegoraro
Sci. Dril., 26, 17–27, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-17-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-17-2019, 2019
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The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) was cored at Colle di Sogno and Gajum in the Lombardy Basin (northern Italy), where pelagic successions guarantee a continuous record of this paleoenvironmental perturbation. The Sogno and Gajum cores recovered high-quality sediments deposited prior to, during, and after the T-OAE. Ongoing research is devoted to reconstructing the marine ecosystem dynamics and resilience under short- and long-term perturbations analogous to current global changes.
Pinxian Wang, Ryuji Tada, and Steven Clemens
Sci. Dril., 24, 87–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-87-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-87-2018, 2018
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This brief paper reports on a workshop held last September in Shanghai to promote global monsoon research in the paleoclimate community. In the framework of the international ocean drilling program, seven expeditions have been completed within the last years to recover long-term records of the global monsoon, and forty-eight scientists from 12 countries exchanged scientific findings based on the expeditions. The workshop came up with four recommendations for the future ocean drillings.
T. Andrén, B. Barker Jørgensen, C. Cotterill, S. Green, and the IODP expedition 347 scientific party
Sci. Dril., 20, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-1-2015, 2015
S. J. Gallagher, N. Exon, M. Seton, M. Ikehara, C. J. Hollis, R. Arculus, S. D'Hondt, C. Foster, M. Gurnis, J. P. Kennett, R. McKay, A. Malakoff, J. Mori, K. Takai, and L. Wallace
Sci. Dril., 17, 45–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-45-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-45-2014, 2014
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Short summary
BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant.
BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in...
