Science report
| 
29 May 2015
Science report |
| 29 May 2015
COSC-1 – drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
J.-E. Rosberg
Engineering Geology, Lund University, John Ericssons väg 1, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
C. Juhlin
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
L. Bjelm
Engineering Geology, Lund University, John Ericssons väg 1, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
B. S. G. Almqvist
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
T. Berthet
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
R. Conze
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
D. G. Gee
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
I. Klonowska
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
C. Pascal
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
K. Pedersen
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
N. M. W. Roberts
NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
C.-F. Tsang
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
Lawrence Berkely National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS74R316C, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Related authors
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Henning Lorenz, Jan-Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, and Nick N. W. Roberts
Sci. Dril., 30, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core.
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
A. S. L. Sjöqvist, M. Arthursson, A. Lundström, E. Calderón Estrada, A. Inerfeldt, and H. Lorenz
Sci. Dril., 19, 13–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, 2015
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Christopher Juhlin, Sonja Martens, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 58, 87–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-87-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-87-2022, 2022
Henning Lorenz, Jan-Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, and Nick N. W. Roberts
Sci. Dril., 30, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core.
Monika Ivandic, Ayse Kaslilar, and Christopher Juhlin
Adv. Geosci., 56, 163–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic imaging while drilling (SWD) technology offers possibilities of imaging ahead of the drill-bit, which is valuable information for optimizing drilling efficiency. An SWD field test was carried out in August 2020 at an exploration drilling test site in Örebro, Sweden, with the aim to determine if the signals from hammer drilling can be used for seismic imaging around the drill-bit. A comparison with the seismic data generated with a conventional seismic source shows reasonable agreement.
Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Christopher Juhlin, Sonja Martens, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 13–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, 2021
Puy Ayarza, José Ramón Martínez Catalán, Ana Martínez García, Juan Alcalde, Juvenal Andrés, José Fernando Simancas, Immaculada Palomeras, David Martí, Irene DeFelipe, Chris Juhlin, and Ramón Carbonell
Solid Earth, 12, 1515–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical incidence seismic profiling on the Iberian Massif images a mid-crustal-scale discontinuity at the top of the reflective lower crust. This feature shows that upper- and lower-crustal reflections merge into it, suggesting that it has often behaved as a detachment. The orogen-scale extension of this discontinuity, present in Gondwanan and Avalonian affinity terranes into the Iberian Massif, demonstrates its relevance, leading us to interpret it as the Conrad discontinuity.
Perach Nuriel, Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw, Maria Ovtcharova, Anton Vaks, Ciprian Stremtan, Martin Šala, Nick M. W. Roberts, and Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark
Geochronology, 3, 35–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-35-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-35-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution presents a new reference material, ASH-15 flowstone with an age of 2.965 ± 0.011 Ma (95 % CI), to be used for in situ U–Pb dating of carbonate material. The new age analyses include the use of the EARTHTIME isotopic tracers and a large number of sub-samples (n = 37) with small aliquots (1–7 mg) each that are more representative of laser-ablation spot analysis. The new results could improve the propagated uncertainties on the final age with a minimal value of 0.4 %.
Nick M. W. Roberts, Jack K. Lee, Robert E. Holdsworth, Christopher Jeans, Andrew R. Farrant, and Richard Haslam
Solid Earth, 11, 1931–1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1931-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1931-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We characterise a well-known fractured and faulted exposure of Cretaceous chalk in NE England, combining field observations with novel U–Pb calcite dating. We show that the faulting and associated fluid flow occurred during the interval of ca. 64–56 Ma, predating earlier estimates of Alpine-related tectonic inversion. We demonstrate that the main extensional fault zone acted as a conduit linking voluminous fluid flow and linking deeper sedimentary layers with the shallow subsurface.
Sonja Martens, Maren Brehme, Viktor J. Bruckman, Christopher Juhlin, Johannes Miocic, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 54, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-1-2020, 2020
Nicolas E. Beaudoin, Aurélie Labeur, Olivier Lacombe, Daniel Koehn, Andrea Billi, Guilhem Hoareau, Adrian Boyce, Cédric M. John, Marta Marchegiano, Nick M. Roberts, Ian L. Millar, Fanny Claverie, Christophe Pecheyran, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 11, 1617–1641, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports a multiproxy approach to reconstruct the depth, timing, and extent of the past fluid flow during the formation of a fold-and-thrust belt in the Northern Apennines, Italy. The unique combination of paleopiezometry and absolute dating returns the absolute timing of the sequence of deformation. Combined with burial models, this leads to predict the expected temperatures for fluid, highlighting a limited hydrothermal fluid flow we relate to the large-scale subsurface geometry.
Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Hagen Bender, Amanda Bergman, and Uwe Ring
Solid Earth, 11, 807–828, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in fault zones can melt during earthquakes. The geometry and magnetic properties of such earthquake-melted rocks from Jämtland, central Sweden, show that they formed during Caledonian mountain building in the Palaeozoic. The small sample size (~0.2 cm3) used in this study is unconventional in studies of magnetic anisotropy and introduces challenges for interpretations. Nevertheless, the magnetic properties help shed light on the earthquake event and subsequent alteration of the rock.
Nick M. W. Roberts, Kerstin Drost, Matthew S. A. Horstwood, Daniel J. Condon, David Chew, Henrik Drake, Antoni E. Milodowski, Noah M. McLean, Andrew J. Smye, Richard J. Walker, Richard Haslam, Keith Hodson, Jonathan Imber, Nicolas Beaudoin, and Jack K. Lee
Geochronology, 2, 33–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-33-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-33-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we review current progress in LA-ICP-MS U–Pb carbonate geochronology and present strategies for acquisition and interpretation of carbonate U–Pb dates. We cover topics from imaging techniques and U and Pb incorporation into calcite to potential limitations of the method – disequilibrium and isotope mobility. We demonstrate the incorporation of imaging and compositional data to help refine and interpret U–Pb dates. We expect this paper to become a
go-toreference paper for years to come.
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Thomas Nagel, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 49, 31–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, 2019
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Kristen Mitchell, Luke Griffiths, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 45, 163–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, 2018
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
O. Ahmadi, C. Juhlin, M. Ask, and B. Lund
Solid Earth, 6, 621–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Pärvie fault system extends up to 155km, and its scarps have offsets of tens of meters at the surface in northern Sweden. These fault scarps are inferred to have formed during earthquakes with magnitudes up to 8 at the time of the last deglaciation. In this study, we have mapped the fault system to deeper levels, by a new 22km long 2-D seismic reflection profile. Based on the present and previous seismic data, locations for future boreholes for drilling into the fault system are proposed.
A. S. L. Sjöqvist, M. Arthursson, A. Lundström, E. Calderón Estrada, A. Inerfeldt, and H. Lorenz
Sci. Dril., 19, 13–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, 2015
J. Alcalde, D. Martí, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir, D. Sopher, E. Saura, I. Marzán, P. Ayarza, A. Calahorrano, A. Pérez-Estaún, and R. Carbonell
Solid Earth, 4, 481–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, 2013
P. Skyttä, T. Bauer, T. Hermansson, M. Dehghannejad, C. Juhlin, M. García Juanatey, J. Hübert, and P. Weihed
Solid Earth, 4, 387–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-387-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-387-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Location/Setting: Continental | Subject: Geology | Geoprocesses: Tectonic processes
CALDERA: a scientific drilling concept to unravel Connections Among Life, geo-Dynamics and Eruptions in a Rifting Arc caldera, Okataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand
COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia
Fifteen years of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program
Drilling to investigate processes in active tectonics and magmatism
Cécile Massiot, Ludmila Adam, Eric S. Boyd, S. Craig Cary, Daniel R. Colman, Alysia Cox, Ery Hughes, Geoff Kilgour, Matteo Lelli, Domenico Liotta, Karen G. Lloyd, Tiipene Marr, David D. McNamara, Sarah D. Milicich, Craig A. Miller, Santanu Misra, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Simona Pierdominici, Shane M. Rooyakkers, Douglas R. Schmitt, Andri Stefansson, John Stix, Matthew B. Stott, Camille Thomas, Pilar Villamor, Pujun Wang, Sadiq J. Zarrouk, and the CALDERA workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 33, 67–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground waters are difficult to track. Underground microbial life is probably plentiful but unexplored. Scientists discussed the idea of drilling two boreholes in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, to unravel the connections between volcano, faults, geotherms, and the biosphere, also integrating mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) to assess hazards and manage resources and microbial ecosystems.
Henning Lorenz, Jan-Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, and Nick N. W. Roberts
Sci. Dril., 30, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core.
Zhiqin Xu, Jingsui Yang, Chengshan Wang, Zhisheng An, Haibing Li, Qin Wang, and Dechen Su
Sci. Dril., 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The 5158 m deep borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain marked the starting point of the CCSD Program. Since then, several continental scientific drilling projects were conducted with funding of the Chinese government and partially with support of ICDP, resulting in a total drilling depth of more than 35 000 m. This paper reviews the history and major progress of the CCSD Program in the past 15 years.
J. Shervais, J. Evans, V. Toy, J. Kirkpatrick, A. Clarke, and J. Eichelberger
Sci. Dril., 18, 19–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Andréasson, P. G. and Gee, D. G.: The Baltica-Iapetus boundary in the Scandinavian Caledonides and a revision of the Middle and Upper Allochthons, in: International Geological Congress, Abstracts, vol. 33, 2008.
Andréasson, P. G. and Gorbatschev, R.: Metamorphism in extensive nappe terrains: a study of the central Scandinavian Caledonides, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 102, 335–357, 1980.
Arnbom, J. O.: Metamorphism of the Seve nappes at Åreskutan, Swedish Caledonides, edited by: Gee, D. G., Gorbatschev, R., and Ramberg, H., Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 102, Part 4, 359–371, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035898009454493, 1980.
Bergman, S. and Sjöström, H.: Accretion and lateral extension in an orogenic wedge: evidence from a segment of the Seve-Köli terrane boundary, central Scandinavian Caledonides, J. Struct. Geol., 19, 1073–1091, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(97)00028-X, 1997.
Doughty, C., Tsang, C.-F., Yabuuchi, S., and Kunimaru, T.: Flowing fluid electric conductivity logging for a deep artesian well in fractured rock with regional flow, J. Hydrol., 482, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.061, 2013.
Erzinger, J., Wiersberg, T., and Zimmer, M.: Real-time mud gas logging and sampling during drilling, Geofluids, 6, 225–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2006.00152.x, 2006.
Gee, D. G.: Nappe displacement in the Scandinavian Caledonides, Tectonophysics, 47, 393–419, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90040-9, 1978.
Gee, D. G., Kumpulainen, R., Roberts, D., Stephens, M. B., and Zachrisson, E.: Scandinavian Caledonides, Tectonostratigraphic Map, 1985.
Gee, D. G., Fossen, H., Henriksen, N., and Higgins, A. K.: From the Early Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia and Greenland, Episodes, 31, 44–51, 2008.
Gee, D. G., Juhlin, C., Pascal, C., and Robinson, P.: Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC), GFF, 132, 29–44, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035891003759188, 2010.
Greiling, R. O., Garfunkel, Z., and Zachrisson, E.: The orogenic wedge in the central Scandinavian Caledonides: Scandian structural evolution and possible influence on the foreland basin, GFF, 120, 181–190, 1998.
Gromet, L. P., Sjöström, H., Bergman, S., Claesson, S., Essex, R. M., Andreasson, P. G., and Albrecht, L.: Contrasting ages of metamorphism in the Seve nappes: U-Pb results from the central and northern Swedish Caledonides, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 118, A36–A37, 1996.
Hedin, P., Juhlin, C., and Gee, D. G.: Seismic imaging of the Scandinavian Caledonides to define ICDP drilling sites, Tectonophysics, 554–557, 30–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.05.026, 2012.
Hedin, P., Malehmir, A., Gee, D. G., Juhlin, C., and Dyrelius, D.: 3D interpretation by integrating seismic and potential field data in the vicinity of the proposed COSC-1 drill site, central Swedish Caledonides, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 390, 301–319, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP390.15, 2014.
Janák, M., van Roermund, H., Majka, J., and Gee, D.: UHP metamorphism recorded by kyanite-bearing eclogite in the Seve Nappe Complex of northern Jämtland, Swedish Caledonides, Gondwana Res., 23, 865–879, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2012.06.012, 2013.
Juhojuntti, N., Juhlin, C., and Dyrelius, D.: Crustal reflectivity underneath the Central Scandinavian Caledonides, Tectonophysics, 334, 191–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00292-4, 2001.
Klonowska, I., Janák, M., Majka, J., Froitzheim, N., and Gee, D. G.: The UHP metamorphic Seve Nappe Complex of the Swedish Caledonides – a new occurrence of the microdiamond-bearing gneisses and their exhumation, Geophys. Res. Abstr., vol. 17, EGU2015–11609, European Geosciences Union, Vienna, 2015.
Kulling, O.: Bergbyggnaden inom Björkvattnet – Virisen-området i Västerbottensfjällens centrala del, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 55, 167–422, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035893309450934, 1933.
Kumpulainen, R.: Upper Proterozoic stratigraphy and depositional environments of the Tossasfjället Group, Särv Nappe, southern Swedish Caledonides, Geol. Foren. Stockh. Forh., 102, 531–550, 1980.
Ladenberger, A., Be'eri-Shlevin, Y., Claesson, S., Gee, D. G., Majka, J., and Romanova, I. V.: Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Åreskutan Nappe – Caledonian history revealed by SIMS U–Pb zircon geochronology, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 390, 337–368, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP390.10, 2014.
Lorenz, H., Gee, D., and Juhlin, C.: The Scandinavian Caledonides – Scientific Drilling at Mid-Crustal Level in a Palaeozoic Major Collisional Orogen, Sci. Dril., 11, 60–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-11-60-2011, 2011.
Lorenz, H., Gee, D. G., Larionov, A. N., and Majka, J.: The Grenville–Sveconorwegian Orogen in the High Arctic, Geol. Mag., 149, 875–891, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756811001130, 2012.
Lorenz, H., Rosberg, J.-E., Juhlin, C., Bjelm, L., Almqvist, B. S. G., Berthet, T., Conze, R., Gee, D. G., Klonowska, I., Pascal, C., Pedersen, K., Roberts, N. M. W., and Tsang, C.-F.: Operational Report about Phase 1 of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides scientific drilling project (COSC-1), GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, https://doi.org/10.2312/ICDP.2015.002, 2015a.
Lorenz, H., Rosberg, J.-E., Juhlin, C., Bjelm, L., Almqvist, B. S. G., Berthet, T., Conze, R., Gee, D. G., Klonowska, I., Pascal, C., Pedersen, K., Roberts, N. M. W., and Tsang, C.-F.: COSC-1 operational report – Scientific data sets, GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.SDDB.ICDP.5054.2015, 2015b.
Majka, J., Rosén, Å., Janák, M., Froitzheim, N., Klonowska, I., Manecki, M., Sasinková, V., and Yoshida, K.: Microdiamond discovered in the Seve Nappe (Scandinavian Caledonides) and its exhumation by the "vacuum-cleaner" mechanism, Geology, 42, 1107–1110, G36108.1, https://doi.org/10.1130/G36108.1, 2014.
Mangelsdorf, K. and Kallmeyer, J.: Integration of Deep Biosphere Research into the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, Sci. Dril., 10, 46–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-10-46-2010, 2010.
Palm, H., Gee, D. G., Dyrelius, D., and Björklund, L.: A reflection seismic image of Caledonian structure in central Sweden, Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Uppsala, 1991.
Root, D. and Corfu, F.: U–Pb geochronology of two discrete Ordovician high-pressure metamorphic events in the Seve Nappe Complex, Scandinavian Caledonides, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 163, 769–788, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0698-0, 2012.
Sjöqvist, A. S. L., Arthursson, M., Lundström, A., Calderón Estrada, E., Inerfeldt, A., and Lorenz, H.: An innovative optical and chemical drill core scanner, Scientific Drilling , 2015.
Sjöström, H.: The Seve-Köli Nappe Complex of the Handöl-Storlien-Essandsjöen area, Scandinavian Caledonides, Geol. Foren. Stockh. Förh., 105, 1–26, 1983.
Strömberg, A. G.: On the tectonics of the Caledonides in the south-western part of the County of Jämtland, Sweden, Almqvist & Wicksell, Uppsala, 1961.
Tsang, C.-F. and Doughty, C.: Multirate flowing fluid electric conductivity logging method, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1354, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002308, 2003.
Tsang, C.-F., Hufschmied, P., and Hale, F. V.: Determination of fracture inflow parameters with a borehole fluid conductivity logging method, Water Resour. Res., 26, 561–578, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i004p00561, 1990.
Van Roermund, H. L. M.: Eclogites of the Seve Nappe, central Scandinavian Caledonides, in: The Caledonide Orogen; Scandinavia and related areas, edited by: Gee, D. G. and Sturt, B. A., 873–886, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1985.
Wiersberg, T. and Erzinger, J.: Chemical and isotope compositions of drilling mud gas from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) boreholes: Implications on gas migration and the permeability structure of the San Andreas Fault, Chem. Geol., 284, 148–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.02.016, 2011.
Williams, I. S. and Claesson, S.: Isotopic evidence for the Precambrian provenance and Caledonian metamorphism of high grade paragneisses from the Seve Nappes, Scandinavian Caledonides, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 97, 205–217, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371240, 1987.
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project...
