Articles | Volume 33, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Workshop report
| 
02 Apr 2024
Workshop report |
| 02 Apr 2024
| 02 Apr 2024
CALDERA: a scientific drilling concept to unravel Connections Among Life, geo-Dynamics and Eruptions in a Rifting Arc caldera, Okataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Ludmila Adam
School of Environment, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St. Science Centre, Auckland 1010, Aotearoa New Zealand
Eric S. Boyd
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
S. Craig Cary
Thermophile Research Unit, Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton 3240, Aotearoa New Zealand
deceased, 29 February 2024
Daniel R. Colman
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Alysia Cox
Department of Chemistry & Geochemistry, Montana Technological University, 1300 W. Park St. Butte, MT 59701, USA
Ery Hughes
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Geoff Kilgour
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 114 Karetoto Road, RD4, Taupo 3384, Aotearoa New Zealand
Matteo Lelli
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via C. Battisti 53, 56125 Pisa, Italy
Domenico Liotta
Dept. of Earth and Geoenviromental Sciences, University Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Karen G. Lloyd
Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Mossman 307, Knoxville, TN, USA
Tiipene Marr
Te Mana o Ngāti Rangitihi, Whakatane, Aotearoa New Zealand
David D. McNamara
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
Sarah D. Milicich
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Craig A. Miller
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 114 Karetoto Road, RD4, Taupo 3384, Aotearoa New Zealand
Santanu Misra
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
Alexander R. L. Nichols
Te Kura Aronukurangi School of Earth and Environment, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
Simona Pierdominici
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Shane M. Rooyakkers
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Douglas R. Schmitt
Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science Department, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
Andri Stefansson
School of Engineering and Natural Science, University of Iceland, Sæmundargata 2, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
John Stix
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E8, Canada
Matthew B. Stott
Te Kura Pūtaiao Koiora School of Biological Sciences, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha University of Canterbury, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
Camille Thomas
Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1 + 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Pilar Villamor
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Pujun Wang
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
Sadiq J. Zarrouk
Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Ākarana Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
Related authors
Jack N. Williams, Virginia G. Toy, Cécile Massiot, David D. McNamara, Steven A. F. Smith, and Steven Mills
Solid Earth, 9, 469–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-469-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-469-2018, 2018
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We present new data on the orientation of fractures, their fill, and their density around the Alpine Fault, a plate boundary fault on the South Island of New Zealand. Fractures < 160 m of the fault are filled and show a range of orientations, whilst fractures at greater distances (< 500 m) are open and parallel to the rock's mechanical weakness. We interpret the latter fracture set to reflect near-surface processes, whilst the latter are potentially linked to deep-seated Alpine Fault seismicity.
Paola Montone, Simona Pierdominici, Maria Teresa Mariucci, Francesco Mirabella, Marco Urbani, Assel Akimbekova, Lauro Chiaraluce, Wade Johnson, and Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1249, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1249, 2024
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The STAR project set out to drill 6 shallow holes and use geophysical logging to figure out the best depth for placing seismometers and strainmeters, to image the upper crust and in particular the Alto Tiberina fault, Italy. These measurements give us a better idea of what the rocks are like, helping us connect what we know from literature with what we find underground, giving solid information on rock properties, which helps understand the first couple hundred meters of the Earth's crust.
Jessica Salas-Navarro, John Stix, and J. Maarten de Moor
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-265, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-265, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We identified and quantified the effects of H2S on CO2 and CH4 concentrations and their respective isotopic compositions using a Picarro instrument model G2201-i. This interference was used to develop a new method to accurately quantify H2S concentrations with a G2201-i. Measuring CO2, CH4, and H2S concentrations in the gas phase within 20 minutes using a single instrument will significantly improve current analytical routines and has the potential to be a powerful tool for volcano monitoring.
Pedro Doll, Shaun Robert Eaves, Ben Matthew Kennedy, Pierre-Henri Blard, Alexander Robert Lee Nichols, Graham Sloan Leonard, Dougal Bruce Townsend, Jim William Cole, Chris Edward Conway, Sacha Baldwin, Gabriel Fénisse, Laurent Zimmermann, and Bouchaïb Tibari
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-163, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-163, 2024
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In this study, we use cosmogenic-sourced 3He to determine the eruption ages of 23 lava flows at Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand, and we show how this method can help overcome challenges associated with traditional dating methods in young lavas. Comparison with other methods demonstrates the accuracy of our data, and the method's reliability. The new eruption ages allowed us to identify periods of quasi-simultaneous activity from different volcanic vents during the last 20,000 years.
Ashley J. Dubnick, Rachel L. Spietz, Brad D. Danielson, Mark L. Skidmore, Eric S. Boyd, Dave Burgess, Charvanaa Dhoonmoon, and Martin Sharp
The Cryosphere, 17, 2993–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, 2023
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At the end of an Arctic winter, we found ponded water 500 m under a glacier. We explored the chemistry and microbiology of this unique, dark, and cold aquatic habitat to better understand ecology beneath glaciers. The water was occupied by cold-loving and cold-tolerant microbes with versatile metabolisms and broad habitat ranges and was depleted in compounds commonly used by microbes. These results show that microbes can become established beneath glaciers and deplete nutrients within months.
Tomáš Fischer, Pavla Hrubcová, Torsten Dahm, Heiko Woith, Tomáš Vylita, Matthias Ohrnberger, Josef Vlček, Josef Horálek, Petr Dědeček, Martin Zimmer, Martin P. Lipus, Simona Pierdominici, Jens Kallmeyer, Frank Krüger, Katrin Hannemann, Michael Korn, Horst Kämpf, Thomas Reinsch, Jakub Klicpera, Daniel Vollmer, and Kyriaki Daskalopoulou
Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022
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The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
Wout Krijgsman, Iuliana Vasiliev, Anouk Beniest, Timothy Lyons, Johanna Lofi, Gabor Tari, Caroline P. Slomp, Namik Cagatay, Maria Triantaphyllou, Rachel Flecker, Dan Palcu, Cecilia McHugh, Helge Arz, Pierre Henry, Karen Lloyd, Gunay Cifci, Özgür Sipahioglu, Dimitris Sakellariou, and the BlackGate workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 31, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, 2022
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BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant.
Julian Rüdiger, Alexandra Gutmann, Nicole Bobrowski, Marcello Liotta, J. Maarten de Moor, Rolf Sander, Florian Dinger, Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, Martha Ibarra, Armando Saballos, María Martínez, Elvis Mendoza, Arnoldo Ferrufino, John Stix, Juan Valdés, Jonathan M. Castro, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3371–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3371-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3371-2021, 2021
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We present an innovative approach to study halogen chemistry in the plume of Masaya volcano in Nicaragua. An unique data set was collected using multiple techniques, including drones. These data enabled us to determine the fraction of activation of the respective halogens at various plume ages, where in-mixing of ambient air causes chemical reactions. An atmospheric chemistry box model was employed to further examine the field results and help our understanding of volcanic plume chemistry.
Mark C. Quigley, Wendy Saunders, Chris Massey, Russ Van Dissen, Pilar Villamor, Helen Jack, and Nicola Litchfield
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3361–3385, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3361-2020, 2020
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This paper examines the roles of earth science information (data, knowledge, advice) in land-use decision-making in Christchurch, New Zealand, in response to the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. A detailed timeline of scientific activities and information provisions relative to key decision-making events is provided. We highlight the importance and challenges of the effective provision of science to decision makers in times of crisis.
Teresa Jordan, Patrick Fulton, Jefferson Tester, David Bruhn, Hiroshi Asanuma, Ulrich Harms, Chaoyi Wang, Doug Schmitt, Philip J. Vardon, Hannes Hofmann, Tom Pasquini, Jared Smith, and the workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 28, 75–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-75-2020, 2020
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A scientific borehole planning workshop sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program convened in early 2020 at Cornell University in the NE United States. Cornell plans drilling to test the potential to use geothermal heat from depths of 2700–4500 m and rock temperatures of 60 to 120 °C to heat its campus. The workshop focused on designing companion scientific projects to investigate the coupled thermal–chemical–hydrological–mechanical workings of continental crust.
Felix Kästner, Simona Pierdominici, Judith Elger, Alba Zappone, Jochem Kück, and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 11, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, 2020
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Knowledge about physical properties at depth is crucial to image and understand structures linked with orogenic processes. We examined seismic velocities from core and downhole data from the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden, and calibrated our results with laboratory measurements on core samples. Despite a strong mismatch between the core and downhole velocities due to microcracks, mafic units are resolved at all scales, while at sample scale, strong seismic anisotropy correlates with the rock foliation.
Franklin D. Wolfe, Timothy A. Stahl, Pilar Villamor, and Biljana Lukovic
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 211–219, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-211-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-211-2020, 2020
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This short communication presents an efficient method for analyzing large fault scarp data sets. The programs and workflow required are open-source and the methodology is easy to use; thus the barrier to entry is low. This tool can be applied to a broad range of active tectonic studies. A case study in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, exemplifies the novelty of this tool by generating results that are consistent with extensive field campaigns in only a few hours at a work station.
Dougal A. Jerram, John M. Millett, Jochem Kück, Donald Thomas, Sverre Planke, Eric Haskins, Nicole Lautze, and Simona Pierdominici
Sci. Dril., 25, 15–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-15-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-15-2019, 2019
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This contribution highlights a combined research effort to collect a combined core and down-borehole geophysics data set on two boreholes from the main island on Hawaii. The results represent one of the most complete data sets of fully cored volcanics with associated borehole measurements, which can be confidently matched directly between remote data and core. The data set and results of this study include findings which should enable improved borehole facies analysis through volcanic sequences.
Marie D. Jackson, Magnús T. Gudmundsson, Tobias B. Weisenberger, J. Michael Rhodes, Andri Stefánsson, Barbara I. Kleine, Peter C. Lippert, Joshua M. Marquardt, Hannah I. Reynolds, Jochem Kück, Viggó T. Marteinsson, Pauline Vannier, Wolfgang Bach, Amel Barich, Pauline Bergsten, Julia G. Bryce, Piergiulio Cappelletti, Samantha Couper, M. Florencia Fahnestock, Carolyn F. Gorny, Carla Grimaldi, Marco Groh, Ágúst Gudmundsson, Ágúst T. Gunnlaugsson, Cédric Hamlin, Thórdís Högnadóttir, Kristján Jónasson, Sigurdur S. Jónsson, Steffen L. Jørgensen, Alexandra M. Klonowski, Beau Marshall, Erica Massey, Jocelyn McPhie, James G. Moore, Einar S. Ólafsson, Solveig L. Onstad, Velveth Perez, Simon Prause, Snorri P. Snorrason, Andreas Türke, James D. L. White, and Bernd Zimanowski
Sci. Dril., 25, 35–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-35-2019, 2019
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Three new cored boreholes through Surtsey volcano, an isolated island in southeastern Iceland, provide fresh insights into understanding how explosive submarine volcanism and the earliest alteration of basaltic deposits proceed in a pristine oceanic environment. The still-hot volcano was first sampled through a drill core in 1979. The time-lapse drill cores record the changing geochemical, mineralogical, microbiological, and material properties of the basalt 50 years after eruptions terminated.
Philippe Calcagno, Gwladys Evanno, Eugenio Trumpy, Luis Carlos Gutiérrez-Negrín, José Luis Macías, Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez, and Domenico Liotta
Adv. Geosci., 45, 321–333, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-321-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-321-2018, 2018
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Geothermal resource is heat energy that can be recovered from underground in the Earth. As part of the European H2020 GEMex project, 3D geological models were constructed for the geothermal sites of Los Humeros and Acoculco in Mexico. These models allow a better understanding of the rock types and structure when targeting deep sources of geothermal energy; they will be updated during the project, serving as a framework for simulating the geothermal system.
Jack N. Williams, Virginia G. Toy, Cécile Massiot, David D. McNamara, Steven A. F. Smith, and Steven Mills
Solid Earth, 9, 469–489, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-469-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-469-2018, 2018
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We present new data on the orientation of fractures, their fill, and their density around the Alpine Fault, a plate boundary fault on the South Island of New Zealand. Fractures < 160 m of the fault are filled and show a range of orientations, whilst fractures at greater distances (< 500 m) are open and parallel to the rock's mechanical weakness. We interpret the latter fracture set to reflect near-surface processes, whilst the latter are potentially linked to deep-seated Alpine Fault seismicity.
M. D. Jackson, M. T. Gudmundsson, W. Bach, P. Cappelletti, N. J. Coleman, M. Ivarsson, K. Jónasson, S. L. Jørgensen, V. Marteinsson, J. McPhie, J. G. Moore, D. Nielson, J. M. Rhodes, C. Rispoli, P. Schiffman, A. Stefánsson, A. Türke, T. Vanorio, T. B. Weisenberger, J. D. L. White, R. Zierenberg, and B. Zimanowski
Sci. Dril., 20, 51–58, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-51-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-51-2015, 2015
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A new drilling program at Surtsey Volcano, a 50-year-old oceanic island and UNESCO World Heritage site in Iceland, will undertake interdisciplinary investigations of rift zone volcanism, dynamic hydrothermal mineral assemblages in basaltic tephra, and subterrestrial microbial colonization and succession in altered tephra and hydrothermal fluids. Long-term monitoring of evolving hydrothermal and biological processes will occur through installation of a 200m deep Surtsey subsurface observatory.
K. Malowany, J. Stix, A. Van Pelt, and G. Lucic
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4075–4082, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4075-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-4075-2015, 2015
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Portable cavity ring-down spectrometers (e.g. G1101-i) for isotopic CO2 have an interference with elevated (higher than ambient) amounts of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). This results from the overlap of the H2S and CO2 spectral lines in the near-infrared, causing changes in both the 12CO2 and 13CO2 concentrations. This effect can be removed by reacting H2S with a metal scrub before analysis, which will facilitate the application of these instruments in H2S-rich environments (i.e. active volcanoes).
B. N. Orcutt, D. E. LaRowe, K. G. Lloyd, H. Mills, W. Orsi, B. K. Reese, J. Sauvage, J. A. Huber, and J. Amend
Sci. Dril., 17, 61–66, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-61-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-61-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Location/Setting: Continental | Subject: Geology | Geoprocesses: Tectonic processes
COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia
Fifteen years of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program
COSC-1 – drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia
Drilling to investigate processes in active tectonics and magmatism
Henning Lorenz, Jan-Erik Rosberg, Christopher Juhlin, Iwona Klonowska, Rodolphe Lescoutre, George Westmeijer, Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Mark Anderson, Stefan Bertilsson, Mark Dopson, Jens Kallmeyer, Jochem Kück, Oliver Lehnert, Luca Menegon, Christophe Pascal, Simon Rejkjær, and Nick N. W. Roberts
Sci. Dril., 30, 43–57, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-43-2022, 2022
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The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core.
Zhiqin Xu, Jingsui Yang, Chengshan Wang, Zhisheng An, Haibing Li, Qin Wang, and Dechen Su
Sci. Dril., 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, 2017
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The 5158 m deep borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain marked the starting point of the CCSD Program. Since then, several continental scientific drilling projects were conducted with funding of the Chinese government and partially with support of ICDP, resulting in a total drilling depth of more than 35 000 m. This paper reviews the history and major progress of the CCSD Program in the past 15 years.
H. Lorenz, J.-E. Rosberg, C. Juhlin, L. Bjelm, B. S. G. Almqvist, T. Berthet, R. Conze, D. G. Gee, I. Klonowska, C. Pascal, K. Pedersen, N. M. W. Roberts, and C.-F. Tsang
Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015
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The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
J. Shervais, J. Evans, V. Toy, J. Kirkpatrick, A. Clarke, and J. Eichelberger
Sci. Dril., 18, 19–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, 2014
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Short summary
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground waters are difficult to track. Underground microbial life is probably plentiful but unexplored. Scientists discussed the idea of drilling two boreholes in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, to unravel the connections between volcano, faults, geotherms, and the biosphere, also integrating mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) to assess hazards and manage resources and microbial ecosystems.
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground...
