Articles | Volume 33, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Workshop report
| 
02 Apr 2024
Workshop report |
| 02 Apr 2024
| 02 Apr 2024
CALDERA: a scientific drilling concept to unravel Connections Among Life, geo-Dynamics and Eruptions in a Rifting Arc caldera, Okataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Ludmila Adam
School of Environment, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St. Science Centre, Auckland 1010, Aotearoa New Zealand
Eric S. Boyd
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
S. Craig Cary
Thermophile Research Unit, Te Aka Mātuatua School of Science, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato University of Waikato, Kirikiriroa Hamilton 3240, Aotearoa New Zealand
deceased, 29 February 2024
Daniel R. Colman
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
Alysia Cox
Department of Chemistry & Geochemistry, Montana Technological University, 1300 W. Park St. Butte, MT 59701, USA
Ery Hughes
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Geoff Kilgour
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 114 Karetoto Road, RD4, Taupo 3384, Aotearoa New Zealand
Matteo Lelli
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via C. Battisti 53, 56125 Pisa, Italy
Domenico Liotta
Dept. of Earth and Geoenviromental Sciences, University Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Karen G. Lloyd
Microbiology Department, University of Tennessee, Mossman 307, Knoxville, TN, USA
Tiipene Marr
Te Mana o Ngāti Rangitihi, Whakatane, Aotearoa New Zealand
David D. McNamara
Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
Sarah D. Milicich
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Craig A. Miller
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 114 Karetoto Road, RD4, Taupo 3384, Aotearoa New Zealand
Santanu Misra
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
Alexander R. L. Nichols
Te Kura Aronukurangi School of Earth and Environment, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
Simona Pierdominici
GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Shane M. Rooyakkers
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Douglas R. Schmitt
Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science Department, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
Andri Stefansson
School of Engineering and Natural Science, University of Iceland, Sæmundargata 2, 102 Reykjavík, Iceland
John Stix
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E8, Canada
Matthew B. Stott
Te Kura Pūtaiao Koiora School of Biological Sciences, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha University of Canterbury, Ōtautahi Christchurch 8140, Aotearoa New Zealand
Camille Thomas
Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1 + 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
Pilar Villamor
GNS Science Te Pū Ao, 1 Fairway Drive, Lower Hutt 5040, Aotearoa New Zealand
Pujun Wang
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
Sadiq J. Zarrouk
Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Ākarana Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand
A full list of authors appears at the end of the paper.
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Sriparna Saha, Ben Kennedy, Alex Nichols, Erik Brogt, Nikita Harris, and Simon Hoermann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4406, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-4406, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Geoscience Communication (GC).
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Teaching topics like fractional crystallization and mineralogy can be challenging in university geology classes, because students often focus more on following steps than truly understanding the underlying concepts. To make learning more engaging, a serious educational game called Magma Pop was developed to illustrate fractional crystallization. Magma Pop demonstrates how the magma composition changes as minerals crystallize out in a gamified environment.
Luigi Marini, Claudia Principe, and Matteo Lelli
Solid Earth, 16, 551–578, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-551-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-16-551-2025, 2025
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We revised the conceptual model of the Solfatara magmatic–hydrothermal system and used new geothermometers and geobarometers, specifically calibrated for the Solfatara fluids, to monitor temperature, T, and total fluid pressure, P, in three distinct reservoirs at different depths, over ~40 years. The T and P changes in the intermediate reservoir (at 2.7–4 km depth) are of utmost interest because its pressurization–depressurization acts as the “engine” of bradyseism currently affecting the area.
Paola Montone, Simona Pierdominici, M. Teresa Mariucci, Francesco Mirabella, Marco Urbani, Assel Akimbekova, Lauro Chiaraluce, Wade Johnson, and Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi
Solid Earth, 15, 1385–1406, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1385-2024, 2024
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The STAR project set out to drill six shallow holes and use geophysical logging to find the best depth for placing seismometers and strainmeters to image the upper crust, in particular the Alto Tiberina fault, Italy. These measurements give us a better idea of what the rocks are like, helping us connect what we know from the literature with what we find underground, giving solid information on rock properties, which helps us understand the first few hundred meters of the Earth's crust.
Pedro Doll, Shaun Robert Eaves, Ben Matthew Kennedy, Pierre-Henri Blard, Alexander Robert Lee Nichols, Graham Sloan Leonard, Dougal Bruce Townsend, Jim William Cole, Chris Edward Conway, Sacha Baldwin, Gabriel Fénisse, Laurent Zimmermann, and Bouchaïb Tibari
Geochronology, 6, 365–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-6-365-2024, 2024
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In this study, we use cosmogenic-sourced 3He to determine the eruption ages of 23 lava flows at Mt Ruapehu, Aotearoa New Zealand, and we show how this method can help overcome challenges associated with traditional dating methods in young lavas. Comparison with other methods demonstrates the accuracy of our data and the method's reliability. The new eruption ages allowed us to identify periods of quasi-simultaneous activity from different volcanic vents during the last 20 000 years.
Lauro Chiaraluce, Richard Bennett, David Mencin, Wade Johnson, Massimiliano Rinaldo Barchi, Marco Bohnhoff, Paola Baccheschi, Antonio Caracausi, Carlo Calamita, Adriano Cavaliere, Adriano Gualandi, Eugenio Mandler, Maria Teresa Mariucci, Leonardo Martelli, Simone Marzorati, Paola Montone, Debora Pantaleo, Stefano Pucci, Enrico Serpelloni, Mariano Supino, Salvatore Stramondo, Catherine Hanagan, Liz Van Boskirk, Mike Gottlieb, Glen Mattioli, Marco Urbani, Francesco Mirabella, Assel Akimbekova, Simona Pierdominici, Thomas Wiersberg, Chris Marone, Luca Palmieri, and Luca Schenato
Sci. Dril., 33, 173–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-173-2024, 2024
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We built six observatory stations in central Italy to monitor a fault potentially capable of generating a strong earthquake. Each site has 80–160 m deep wells equipped with strainmeters and seismometers. At the surface, we placed GNSS antennas and seismic and meteorological sensors. All data, which are open access for the scientific community, will help us to better understand the complex physical and chemical processes that lead to the generation of the full range of slow and fast earthquakes.
Jessica Salas-Navarro, John Stix, and J. Maarten de Moor
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-265, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2023-265, 2024
Revised manuscript not accepted
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We identified and quantified the effects of H2S on CO2 and CH4 concentrations and their respective isotopic compositions using a Picarro instrument model G2201-i. This interference was used to develop a new method to accurately quantify H2S concentrations with a G2201-i. Measuring CO2, CH4, and H2S concentrations in the gas phase within 20 minutes using a single instrument will significantly improve current analytical routines and has the potential to be a powerful tool for volcano monitoring.
Ashley J. Dubnick, Rachel L. Spietz, Brad D. Danielson, Mark L. Skidmore, Eric S. Boyd, Dave Burgess, Charvanaa Dhoonmoon, and Martin Sharp
The Cryosphere, 17, 2993–3012, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-2993-2023, 2023
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At the end of an Arctic winter, we found ponded water 500 m under a glacier. We explored the chemistry and microbiology of this unique, dark, and cold aquatic habitat to better understand ecology beneath glaciers. The water was occupied by cold-loving and cold-tolerant microbes with versatile metabolisms and broad habitat ranges and was depleted in compounds commonly used by microbes. These results show that microbes can become established beneath glaciers and deplete nutrients within months.
Tomáš Fischer, Pavla Hrubcová, Torsten Dahm, Heiko Woith, Tomáš Vylita, Matthias Ohrnberger, Josef Vlček, Josef Horálek, Petr Dědeček, Martin Zimmer, Martin P. Lipus, Simona Pierdominici, Jens Kallmeyer, Frank Krüger, Katrin Hannemann, Michael Korn, Horst Kämpf, Thomas Reinsch, Jakub Klicpera, Daniel Vollmer, and Kyriaki Daskalopoulou
Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022
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The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
Wout Krijgsman, Iuliana Vasiliev, Anouk Beniest, Timothy Lyons, Johanna Lofi, Gabor Tari, Caroline P. Slomp, Namik Cagatay, Maria Triantaphyllou, Rachel Flecker, Dan Palcu, Cecilia McHugh, Helge Arz, Pierre Henry, Karen Lloyd, Gunay Cifci, Özgür Sipahioglu, Dimitris Sakellariou, and the BlackGate workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 31, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, 2022
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BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant.
Julian Rüdiger, Alexandra Gutmann, Nicole Bobrowski, Marcello Liotta, J. Maarten de Moor, Rolf Sander, Florian Dinger, Jan-Lukas Tirpitz, Martha Ibarra, Armando Saballos, María Martínez, Elvis Mendoza, Arnoldo Ferrufino, John Stix, Juan Valdés, Jonathan M. Castro, and Thorsten Hoffmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3371–3393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3371-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3371-2021, 2021
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We present an innovative approach to study halogen chemistry in the plume of Masaya volcano in Nicaragua. An unique data set was collected using multiple techniques, including drones. These data enabled us to determine the fraction of activation of the respective halogens at various plume ages, where in-mixing of ambient air causes chemical reactions. An atmospheric chemistry box model was employed to further examine the field results and help our understanding of volcanic plume chemistry.
Mark C. Quigley, Wendy Saunders, Chris Massey, Russ Van Dissen, Pilar Villamor, Helen Jack, and Nicola Litchfield
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3361–3385, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3361-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-3361-2020, 2020
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This paper examines the roles of earth science information (data, knowledge, advice) in land-use decision-making in Christchurch, New Zealand, in response to the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. A detailed timeline of scientific activities and information provisions relative to key decision-making events is provided. We highlight the importance and challenges of the effective provision of science to decision makers in times of crisis.
Teresa Jordan, Patrick Fulton, Jefferson Tester, David Bruhn, Hiroshi Asanuma, Ulrich Harms, Chaoyi Wang, Doug Schmitt, Philip J. Vardon, Hannes Hofmann, Tom Pasquini, Jared Smith, and the workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 28, 75–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-75-2020, 2020
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A scientific borehole planning workshop sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program convened in early 2020 at Cornell University in the NE United States. Cornell plans drilling to test the potential to use geothermal heat from depths of 2700–4500 m and rock temperatures of 60 to 120 °C to heat its campus. The workshop focused on designing companion scientific projects to investigate the coupled thermal–chemical–hydrological–mechanical workings of continental crust.
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Short summary
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground waters are difficult to track. Underground microbial life is probably plentiful but unexplored. Scientists discussed the idea of drilling two boreholes in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, to unravel the connections between volcano, faults, geotherms, and the biosphere, also integrating mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) to assess hazards and manage resources and microbial ecosystems.
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground...
