COSC-2 – drilling the basal décollement and underlying margin of palaeocontinent Baltica in the Paleozoic Caledonide Orogen of Scandinavia
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
Jan-Erik Rosberg
Engineering Geology, Lund University, John Ericssons väg 1, 221
00 Lund, Sweden
Christopher Juhlin
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
Iwona Klonowska
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059
Kraków, Poland
Rodolphe Lescoutre
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
George Westmeijer
Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnæus University, Stuvaregatan 4, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden
Bjarne S. G. Almqvist
Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
Mark Anderson
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, B527 Portland Square, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
Stefan Bertilsson
Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, 75 651 Uppsala, Sweden
Mark Dopson
Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS) Linnæus University, Stuvaregatan 4, 39231 Kalmar, Sweden
Jens Kallmeyer
Section 3.7 Geomicrobiology, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Jochem Kück
Section 4.2: Geomechanics and Scientific Drilling, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
Oliver Lehnert
Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Schloßgarten 5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Luca Menegon
Njord Centre, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 24, 0371 Oslo, Norway
Christophe Pascal
Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Geophysics, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
Simon Rejkjær
Engineering Geology, Lund University, John Ericssons väg 1, 221
00 Lund, Sweden
Nick N. W. Roberts
NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom
Related authors
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
H. Lorenz, J.-E. Rosberg, C. Juhlin, L. Bjelm, B. S. G. Almqvist, T. Berthet, R. Conze, D. G. Gee, I. Klonowska, C. Pascal, K. Pedersen, N. M. W. Roberts, and C.-F. Tsang
Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
A. S. L. Sjöqvist, M. Arthursson, A. Lundström, E. Calderón Estrada, A. Inerfeldt, and H. Lorenz
Sci. Dril., 19, 13–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, 2015
Ellen Schnabel, Aurèle Vuillemin, Cédric C. Laczny, Benoit J. Kunath, André R. Soares, Rolando Di Primio, Jens Kallmeyer, and the PROSPECTOMICS Consortium
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1603, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1603, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzed marine sediment samples from areas with and without minimal hydrocarbon seepage from reservoirs underneath. Depth profiles of dissolved chemical components in the pore water as well as molecular biological data revealed differences in microbial community composition and activity. These results indicate that even minor hydrocarbon seepage affects sedimentary biogeochemical cycling in marine sediments, potentially providing a new tool for detection of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Marcel Ortler, Achim Brauer, Stefano C. Fabbri, Jean Nicolas Haas, Irka Hajdas, Kerstin Kowarik, Jochem Kueck, Hans Reschreiter, and Michael Strasser
Sci. Dril., 33, 1–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-1-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The lake drilling project at Lake Hallstatt (Austria) successfully cored 51 m of lake sediments. This was achieved through the novel drilling platform Hipercorig. A core-log seismic correlation was created for the first time of an inner Alpine lake of the Eastern Alps. The sediments cover over 12 000 years before present with 10 (up to 5.1 m thick) instantaneous deposits. Lake Hallstatt is located within an UNESCO World Heritage area which has a rich history of human salt mining.
George Westmeijer, Cristina Escudero, Claudia Bergin, Stephanie Turner, Magnus Ståhle, Maliheh Mehrshad, Prune Leroy, Moritz Buck, Pilar López-Hernández, Jens Kallmeyer, Ricardo Amils, Stefan Bertilsson, and Mark Dopson
Biogeosciences, 21, 591–604, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-591-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-591-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Rock cores down to 2250 m depth, groundwater-bearing fractures, and drilling fluid were sampled for DNA to characterize the subsurface microbial community. In general, microbial biomass was extremely low despite the employment of detection methods widespread in low-biomass environments. The described contamination control measures could support future sampling efforts, and our findings emphasize the use of sequencing extraction controls.
Steffen Kutterolf, Mark Brenner, Robert A. Dull, Armin Freundt, Jens Kallmeyer, Sebastian Krastel, Sergei Katsev, Elodie Lebas, Axel Meyer, Liseth Pérez, Juanita Rausch, Armando Saballos, Antje Schwalb, and Wilfried Strauch
Sci. Dril., 32, 73–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-73-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-73-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The NICA-BRIDGE workshop proposes a milestone-driven three-phase project to ICDP and later ICDP/IODP involving short- and long-core drilling in the Nicaraguan lakes and in the Pacific Sandino Basin to (1) reconstruct tropical climate and environmental changes and their external controlling mechanisms over several million years, (2) assess magnitudes and recurrence times of multiple natural hazards, and (3) provide
baselineenvironmental data for monitoring lake conditions.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Thorben Schöfisch, Hemin Koyi, and Bjarne Almqvist
Solid Earth, 14, 447–461, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-447-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
A magnetic fabric analysis provides information about the reorientation of magnetic grains and is applied to three sandbox models that simulate different stages of basin inversion. The analysed magnetic fabrics reflect the different developed structures and provide insights into the different deformed stages of basin inversion. It is a first attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses to basin inversion sandbox models but shows the possibility of applying it to such models.
Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Christopher Juhlin, Sonja Martens, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 58, 87–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-87-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-58-87-2022, 2022
Tomáš Fischer, Pavla Hrubcová, Torsten Dahm, Heiko Woith, Tomáš Vylita, Matthias Ohrnberger, Josef Vlček, Josef Horálek, Petr Dědeček, Martin Zimmer, Martin P. Lipus, Simona Pierdominici, Jens Kallmeyer, Frank Krüger, Katrin Hannemann, Michael Korn, Horst Kämpf, Thomas Reinsch, Jakub Klicpera, Daniel Vollmer, and Kyriaki Daskalopoulou
Sci. Dril., 31, 31–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-31-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The newly established geodynamic laboratory aims to develop modern, comprehensive, multiparameter observations at depth for studying earthquake swarms, crustal fluid flow, mantle-derived fluid degassing and processes of the deep biosphere. It is located in the West Bohemia–Vogtland (western Eger Rift) geodynamic region and comprises a set of five shallow boreholes with high-frequency 3-D seismic arrays as well as continuous real-time fluid monitoring at depth and the study of the deep biosphere.
Monika Ivandic, Ayse Kaslilar, and Christopher Juhlin
Adv. Geosci., 56, 163–169, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Seismic imaging while drilling (SWD) technology offers possibilities of imaging ahead of the drill-bit, which is valuable information for optimizing drilling efficiency. An SWD field test was carried out in August 2020 at an exploration drilling test site in Örebro, Sweden, with the aim to determine if the signals from hammer drilling can be used for seismic imaging around the drill-bit. A comparison with the seismic data generated with a conventional seismic source shows reasonable agreement.
Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Christopher Juhlin, Sonja Martens, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 56, 13–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-56-13-2021, 2021
Puy Ayarza, José Ramón Martínez Catalán, Ana Martínez García, Juan Alcalde, Juvenal Andrés, José Fernando Simancas, Immaculada Palomeras, David Martí, Irene DeFelipe, Chris Juhlin, and Ramón Carbonell
Solid Earth, 12, 1515–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Vertical incidence seismic profiling on the Iberian Massif images a mid-crustal-scale discontinuity at the top of the reflective lower crust. This feature shows that upper- and lower-crustal reflections merge into it, suggesting that it has often behaved as a detachment. The orogen-scale extension of this discontinuity, present in Gondwanan and Avalonian affinity terranes into the Iberian Massif, demonstrates its relevance, leading us to interpret it as the Conrad discontinuity.
Jochem Kück, Marco Groh, Martin Töpfer, Andreas Jurczyk, and Ulrich Harms
Sci. Dril., 29, 39–48, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-39-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-29-39-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
New cable-free borehole memory sondes allow measurements in boreholes with very unstable walls, which is common, e.g., in soft sediments below lakes. The drill-pipe-mounted memory sondes can pass through narrowed zones. While being pulled up by the drill pipes, they measure natural radioactivity, velocity of sound, electrical conductivity, magnetizability, and the temperature of the borehole rocks. We describe the memory sondes and appendant depth devices, both tested in thorough field tests.
Perach Nuriel, Jörn-Frederik Wotzlaw, Maria Ovtcharova, Anton Vaks, Ciprian Stremtan, Martin Šala, Nick M. W. Roberts, and Andrew R. C. Kylander-Clark
Geochronology, 3, 35–47, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-35-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-35-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This contribution presents a new reference material, ASH-15 flowstone with an age of 2.965 ± 0.011 Ma (95 % CI), to be used for in situ U–Pb dating of carbonate material. The new age analyses include the use of the EARTHTIME isotopic tracers and a large number of sub-samples (n = 37) with small aliquots (1–7 mg) each that are more representative of laser-ablation spot analysis. The new results could improve the propagated uncertainties on the final age with a minimal value of 0.4 %.
Nick M. W. Roberts, Jack K. Lee, Robert E. Holdsworth, Christopher Jeans, Andrew R. Farrant, and Richard Haslam
Solid Earth, 11, 1931–1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1931-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1931-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We characterise a well-known fractured and faulted exposure of Cretaceous chalk in NE England, combining field observations with novel U–Pb calcite dating. We show that the faulting and associated fluid flow occurred during the interval of ca. 64–56 Ma, predating earlier estimates of Alpine-related tectonic inversion. We demonstrate that the main extensional fault zone acted as a conduit linking voluminous fluid flow and linking deeper sedimentary layers with the shallow subsurface.
Sonja Martens, Maren Brehme, Viktor J. Bruckman, Christopher Juhlin, Johannes Miocic, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 54, 1–5, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-1-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-54-1-2020, 2020
Nicolas E. Beaudoin, Aurélie Labeur, Olivier Lacombe, Daniel Koehn, Andrea Billi, Guilhem Hoareau, Adrian Boyce, Cédric M. John, Marta Marchegiano, Nick M. Roberts, Ian L. Millar, Fanny Claverie, Christophe Pecheyran, and Jean-Paul Callot
Solid Earth, 11, 1617–1641, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1617-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports a multiproxy approach to reconstruct the depth, timing, and extent of the past fluid flow during the formation of a fold-and-thrust belt in the Northern Apennines, Italy. The unique combination of paleopiezometry and absolute dating returns the absolute timing of the sequence of deformation. Combined with burial models, this leads to predict the expected temperatures for fluid, highlighting a limited hydrothermal fluid flow we relate to the large-scale subsurface geometry.
Bjarne S. G. Almqvist, Hagen Bender, Amanda Bergman, and Uwe Ring
Solid Earth, 11, 807–828, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-807-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rocks in fault zones can melt during earthquakes. The geometry and magnetic properties of such earthquake-melted rocks from Jämtland, central Sweden, show that they formed during Caledonian mountain building in the Palaeozoic. The small sample size (~0.2 cm3) used in this study is unconventional in studies of magnetic anisotropy and introduces challenges for interpretations. Nevertheless, the magnetic properties help shed light on the earthquake event and subsequent alteration of the rock.
Felix Kästner, Simona Pierdominici, Judith Elger, Alba Zappone, Jochem Kück, and Christian Berndt
Solid Earth, 11, 607–626, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-607-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Knowledge about physical properties at depth is crucial to image and understand structures linked with orogenic processes. We examined seismic velocities from core and downhole data from the COSC-1 borehole, Sweden, and calibrated our results with laboratory measurements on core samples. Despite a strong mismatch between the core and downhole velocities due to microcracks, mafic units are resolved at all scales, while at sample scale, strong seismic anisotropy correlates with the rock foliation.
Aurèle Vuillemin, André Friese, Richard Wirth, Jan A. Schuessler, Anja M. Schleicher, Helga Kemnitz, Andreas Lücke, Kohen W. Bauer, Sulung Nomosatryo, Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Rachel Simister, Luis G. Ordoñez, Daniel Ariztegui, Cynthia Henny, James M. Russell, Satria Bijaksana, Hendrik Vogel, Sean A. Crowe, Jens Kallmeyer, and the Towuti Drilling Project
Science team
Biogeosciences, 17, 1955–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ferruginous lakes experience restricted primary production due to phosphorus trapping by ferric iron oxides under oxic conditions. We report the presence of large crystals of vivianite, a ferrous iron phosphate, in sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia. We address processes of P retention linked to diagenesis of iron phases. Vivianite crystals had light Fe2+ isotope signatures and contained mineral inclusions consistent with antecedent processes of microbial sulfate and iron reduction.
Nick M. W. Roberts, Kerstin Drost, Matthew S. A. Horstwood, Daniel J. Condon, David Chew, Henrik Drake, Antoni E. Milodowski, Noah M. McLean, Andrew J. Smye, Richard J. Walker, Richard Haslam, Keith Hodson, Jonathan Imber, Nicolas Beaudoin, and Jack K. Lee
Geochronology, 2, 33–61, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-33-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-2-33-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Here we review current progress in LA-ICP-MS U–Pb carbonate geochronology and present strategies for acquisition and interpretation of carbonate U–Pb dates. We cover topics from imaging techniques and U and Pb incorporation into calcite to potential limitations of the method – disequilibrium and isotope mobility. We demonstrate the incorporation of imaging and compositional data to help refine and interpret U–Pb dates. We expect this paper to become a
go-toreference paper for years to come.
Francesca Prando, Luca Menegon, Mark Anderson, Barbara Marchesini, Jussi Mattila, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 11, 489–511, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-489-2020, 2020
Julia Mitzscherling, Fabian Horn, Maria Winterfeld, Linda Mahler, Jens Kallmeyer, Pier P. Overduin, Lutz Schirrmeister, Matthias Winkel, Mikhail N. Grigoriev, Dirk Wagner, and Susanne Liebner
Biogeosciences, 16, 3941–3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3941-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3941-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost temperatures increased substantially at a global scale, potentially altering microbial assemblages involved in carbon mobilization before permafrost thaws. We used Arctic Shelf submarine permafrost as a natural laboratory to investigate the microbial response to long-term permafrost warming. Our work shows that millennia after permafrost warming by > 10 °C, microbial community composition and population size reflect the paleoenvironment rather than a direct effect through warming.
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Gregor Giebel, Thomas Nagel, Antonio P. Rinaldi, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 49, 31–35, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-49-31-2019, 2019
Barbara Marchesini, Paolo Stefano Garofalo, Luca Menegon, Jussi Mattila, and Giulio Viola
Solid Earth, 10, 809–838, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-809-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-809-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We documented the role of fluids in the initial embrittlement of the Svecofennian basement and subsequent strain localization and fault evolution at the brittle–ductile transition zone. We studied the fault rocks of a deeply exhumed fault system characterized by mixed brittle–ductile deformation. Results from fluid inclusions, mineral chemistry, and geothermometry of synkinematic minerals document the ingress of distinct fluid batches and fluid pressure oscillations.
Marie D. Jackson, Magnús T. Gudmundsson, Tobias B. Weisenberger, J. Michael Rhodes, Andri Stefánsson, Barbara I. Kleine, Peter C. Lippert, Joshua M. Marquardt, Hannah I. Reynolds, Jochem Kück, Viggó T. Marteinsson, Pauline Vannier, Wolfgang Bach, Amel Barich, Pauline Bergsten, Julia G. Bryce, Piergiulio Cappelletti, Samantha Couper, M. Florencia Fahnestock, Carolyn F. Gorny, Carla Grimaldi, Marco Groh, Ágúst Gudmundsson, Ágúst T. Gunnlaugsson, Cédric Hamlin, Thórdís Högnadóttir, Kristján Jónasson, Sigurdur S. Jónsson, Steffen L. Jørgensen, Alexandra M. Klonowski, Beau Marshall, Erica Massey, Jocelyn McPhie, James G. Moore, Einar S. Ólafsson, Solveig L. Onstad, Velveth Perez, Simon Prause, Snorri P. Snorrason, Andreas Türke, James D. L. White, and Bernd Zimanowski
Sci. Dril., 25, 35–46, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-35-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-25-35-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Three new cored boreholes through Surtsey volcano, an isolated island in southeastern Iceland, provide fresh insights into understanding how explosive submarine volcanism and the earliest alteration of basaltic deposits proceed in a pristine oceanic environment. The still-hot volcano was first sampled through a drill core in 1979. The time-lapse drill cores record the changing geochemical, mineralogical, microbiological, and material properties of the basalt 50 years after eruptions terminated.
Ruth A. Beckel and Christopher Juhlin
Solid Earth, 10, 581–598, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-581-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Scandinavia is crossed by extensive fault scarps that have likely been caused by huge earthquakes when the ice sheets of the last glacial melted. Due to the inaccessibility of the terrain, reflection seismic data have to be collected along crooked lines, which reduces the imaging quality unless special corrections are applied. We developed a new correction method that is very tolerant to noise and used it to improve the reflection image of such a fault and refine its geological interpretation.
Alberto Ceccato, Luca Menegon, Giorgio Pennacchioni, and Luiz Fernando Grafulha Morales
Solid Earth, 9, 1399–1419, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1399-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1399-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Metamorphic fine-grained reaction products make continental crust rocks weaker. Microstructural processes related to the transformation of strong K-feldspar into weak aggregates of plagioclase and quartz during crustal deformation have been investigated through electron microscopy. Rheological calculations show that the occurrence of even small amounts of weak aggregates, whose deformation is mainly diffusion-assisted, would lead to a decrease in rock viscosity of several orders of magnitude.
Sonja Martens, Christopher Juhlin, Viktor J. Bruckman, Kristen Mitchell, Luke Griffiths, and Michael Kühn
Adv. Geosci., 45, 163–166, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-45-163-2018, 2018
James Gilgannon, Florian Fusseis, Luca Menegon, Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, and Jim Buckman
Solid Earth, 8, 1193–1209, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1193-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-1193-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We examine rocks from the middle crust to explore how fluids circulate and influence a rock’s response to larger-scale tectonic movements. A model is developed in which fluids deep in the Earth migrate to clusters of pores generated during those movements. We document how distinct pores form in a specific order in association with local changes in how quartz deforms. The porosity evolves out of the deformation, changing the rate the rock moved under tectonic forces.
Giancarlo Molli, Luca Menegon, and Alessandro Malasoma
Solid Earth, 8, 767–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-767-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-767-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new case study on the role of brittle precursors in nucleating shear zone. Our studied sample shows a high-pressure, low-temperature (HP/LT) microscale ultramylonite developed by brittle precursors induced during deformation within a host HP/LT granitic mylonite. We infer that the studied structures may be considered as a small-scale example of fault structures related to stick-slip strain accommodation during subduction of continental crust.
James M. Russell, Satria Bijaksana, Hendrik Vogel, Martin Melles, Jens Kallmeyer, Daniel Ariztegui, Sean Crowe, Silvia Fajar, Abdul Hafidz, Doug Haffner, Ascelina Hasberg, Sarah Ivory, Christopher Kelly, John King, Kartika Kirana, Marina Morlock, Anders Noren, Ryan O'Grady, Luis Ordonez, Janelle Stevenson, Thomas von Rintelen, Aurele Vuillemin, Ian Watkinson, Nigel Wattrus, Satrio Wicaksono, Thomas Wonik, Kohen Bauer, Alan Deino, André Friese, Cynthia Henny, Imran, Ristiyanti Marwoto, La Ode Ngkoimani, Sulung Nomosatryo, La Ode Safiuddin, Rachel Simister, and Gerald Tamuntuan
Sci. Dril., 21, 29–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-29-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-29-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The Towuti Drilling Project seeks to understand the long-term environmental and climatic history of the tropical western Pacific and to discover the unique microbes that live in metal-rich sediments. To accomplish these goals, in 2015 we carried out a scientific drilling project on Lake Towuti, located in central Indonesia. We recovered over 1000 m of core, and our deepest core extended 175 m below the lake floor and gives us a complete record of the lake.
Christopher Juhlin, Peter Hedin, David G. Gee, Henning Lorenz, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Ping Yan
Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For this paper, ca. 55 km high-resolution reflection seismic data were interpreted using constraints from magnetotelluric, potential field, and geological data. The resulting integrated geological-geophysical section through the central Caledonides in Sweden provides new insights about the regional tectonic setting, and supplies the basis for siting the second drill hole of the Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project.
Gustavo Viegas, Luca Menegon, and Carlos Archanjo
Solid Earth, 7, 375–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-375-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-375-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents microstructural and chemical data of mylonitic granitoids deformed at the brittle-ductile transition in the continental crust. Through a combination of microstructures, chemical analyses and modelling of the strength of constituent phases, we were able to show that strain localisation in shear zones may be triggered primarily by brittle failure, without the need for reaction-softening mechanisms promoted by metamorphic fluids.
H. J. Mills, J. de Leeuw, K.-U. Hinrichs, F. Inagaki, and J. Kallmeyer
Sci. Dril., 20, 59–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-59-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-59-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Proceedings and results are presented from the Seoul 2014 Advancing Subsurface Biosphere and Paleoclimate Research workshop. Participants discussed past and present directions of IODP and ICDP subsurface research, including efforts with DCO and IMPRESS. Discussions led to the formation of a level-based communication system with the goal of improving communication and expectations between all drilling disciplines. The production of a biology-themed handbook to guide surface research is planned.
H. J. Kjøll, G. Viola, L. Menegon, and B. E. Sørensen
Solid Earth, 6, 681–699, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-681-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-681-2015, 2015
O. Ahmadi, C. Juhlin, M. Ask, and B. Lund
Solid Earth, 6, 621–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-621-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Pärvie fault system extends up to 155km, and its scarps have offsets of tens of meters at the surface in northern Sweden. These fault scarps are inferred to have formed during earthquakes with magnitudes up to 8 at the time of the last deglaciation. In this study, we have mapped the fault system to deeper levels, by a new 22km long 2-D seismic reflection profile. Based on the present and previous seismic data, locations for future boreholes for drilling into the fault system are proposed.
T. L. Kieft, T. C. Onstott, L. Ahonen, V. Aloisi, F. S. Colwell, B. Engelen, S. Fendrihan, E. Gaidos, U. Harms, I. Head, J. Kallmeyer, B. Kiel Reese, L.-H. Lin, P. E. Long, D. P. Moser, H. Mills, P. Sar, D. Schulze-Makuch, H. Stan-Lotter, D. Wagner, P.-L. Wang, F. Westall, and M. J. Wilkins
Sci. Dril., 19, 43–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-43-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-43-2015, 2015
H. Lorenz, J.-E. Rosberg, C. Juhlin, L. Bjelm, B. S. G. Almqvist, T. Berthet, R. Conze, D. G. Gee, I. Klonowska, C. Pascal, K. Pedersen, N. M. W. Roberts, and C.-F. Tsang
Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
A. S. L. Sjöqvist, M. Arthursson, A. Lundström, E. Calderón Estrada, A. Inerfeldt, and H. Lorenz
Sci. Dril., 19, 13–16, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-13-2015, 2015
J. Alcalde, D. Martí, C. Juhlin, A. Malehmir, D. Sopher, E. Saura, I. Marzán, P. Ayarza, A. Calahorrano, A. Pérez-Estaún, and R. Carbonell
Solid Earth, 4, 481–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-481-2013, 2013
P. Skyttä, T. Bauer, T. Hermansson, M. Dehghannejad, C. Juhlin, M. García Juanatey, J. Hübert, and P. Weihed
Solid Earth, 4, 387–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-387-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-4-387-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Location/Setting: Continental | Subject: Geology | Geoprocesses: Tectonic processes
CALDERA: a scientific drilling concept to unravel Connections Among Life, geo-Dynamics and Eruptions in a Rifting Arc caldera, Okataina Volcanic Centre, Aotearoa New Zealand
Fifteen years of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program
COSC-1 – drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia
Drilling to investigate processes in active tectonics and magmatism
Cécile Massiot, Ludmila Adam, Eric S. Boyd, S. Craig Cary, Daniel R. Colman, Alysia Cox, Ery Hughes, Geoff Kilgour, Matteo Lelli, Domenico Liotta, Karen G. Lloyd, Tiipene Marr, David D. McNamara, Sarah D. Milicich, Craig A. Miller, Santanu Misra, Alexander R. L. Nichols, Simona Pierdominici, Shane M. Rooyakkers, Douglas R. Schmitt, Andri Stefansson, John Stix, Matthew B. Stott, Camille Thomas, Pilar Villamor, Pujun Wang, Sadiq J. Zarrouk, and the CALDERA workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 33, 67–88, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-67-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Volcanoes where tectonic plates drift apart pose eruption and earthquake hazards. Underground waters are difficult to track. Underground microbial life is probably plentiful but unexplored. Scientists discussed the idea of drilling two boreholes in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand, to unravel the connections between volcano, faults, geotherms, and the biosphere, also integrating mātauranga Māori (Indigenous knowledge) to assess hazards and manage resources and microbial ecosystems.
Zhiqin Xu, Jingsui Yang, Chengshan Wang, Zhisheng An, Haibing Li, Qin Wang, and Dechen Su
Sci. Dril., 22, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-22-1-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The 5158 m deep borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain marked the starting point of the CCSD Program. Since then, several continental scientific drilling projects were conducted with funding of the Chinese government and partially with support of ICDP, resulting in a total drilling depth of more than 35 000 m. This paper reviews the history and major progress of the CCSD Program in the past 15 years.
H. Lorenz, J.-E. Rosberg, C. Juhlin, L. Bjelm, B. S. G. Almqvist, T. Berthet, R. Conze, D. G. Gee, I. Klonowska, C. Pascal, K. Pedersen, N. M. W. Roberts, and C.-F. Tsang
Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC) scientific drilling project successfully drilled a 2.5km fully cored borehole (COSC-1) through allochthonous subduction-related high-grade metamorphic gneisses and into the underlying thrust zone. This paper summarizes the scientific rationale of the project and presents first preliminary results.
J. Shervais, J. Evans, V. Toy, J. Kirkpatrick, A. Clarke, and J. Eichelberger
Sci. Dril., 18, 19–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-19-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Andersson, A., Dahlman, B., Gee, D. G., and Snäll, S.: The Scandinavian Alum Shales, Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Uppsala, 50 pp., ISBN 91-7158-334-3, 1985.
Beckholmen, M.: Geology of the Nordhallen–Duved–Greningen area in
Jämtland, central Swedish Caledonides, Geol. Fören. Stockh.
Förh., 100, 335–347, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897809454471, 1978.
Conze, R., Lorenz, H., Ulbricht, D., Elger, K., and Gorgas, T.: Utilizing
the International Geo Sample Number Concept in Continental Scientific
Drilling During ICDP Expedition COSC-1, Data Sci. J., 16, p. 2,
https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-002, 2017.
Drake, H., Roberts, N. M. W., and Whitehouse, M. J.: Geochronology and
Stable Isotope Analysis of Fracture-Fill and Karst Mineralization Reveal
Sub-Surface Paleo-Fluid Flow and Microbial Activity of the COSC-1 Borehole,
Scandinavian Caledonides, Geosciences, 10, 56,
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020056, 2020.
Dyrelius, D.: Aeromagnetic interpretation in a geotraverse area across the
central Scandinavian Caledonides, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 102,
421–438, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035898009454498, 1980.
Escudero, C., del Campo, A., Ares, J. R., Sánchez, C., Martínez, J.
M., Gómez, F., and Amils, R.: Visualizing Microorganism-Mineral
Interaction in the Iberian Pyrite Belt Subsurface: The Acidovorax Case,
Front. Microbiol., 11, 2833, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.572104,
2020.
Friese, A., Kallmeyer, J., Kitte, J. A., Martínez, I. M., Bijaksana,
S., and Wagner, D.: A simple and inexpensive technique for assessing
contamination during drilling operations, Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 15,
200–211, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10159, 2017.
Gee, D. G. and Stephens, M. B.: Chapter 20 Lower thrust sheets in the
Caledonide orogen, Sweden: Cryogenian–Silurian sedimentary successions and
underlying, imbricated, crystalline basement, Geol. Soc. Lond. Mem., 50,
495–515, https://doi.org/10.1144/M50-2018-7, 2020.
Gee, D. G., Fossen, H., Henriksen, N., and Higgins, A. K.: From the Early
Paleozoic Platforms of Baltica and Laurentia to the Caledonide Orogen of
Scandinavia and Greenland, Episodes, 31, 44–51, 2008.
Gee, D. G., Juhlin, C., Pascal, C., and Robinson, P.: Collisional Orogeny in
the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC), GFF, 132, 29–44,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035891003759188, 2010.
Gorbatschev, R.: Beskrivning till berggrundskartan över Jämtlands
län. Del 1: Urberget, Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Uppsala, 250 pp., ISBN 978-91-7158-569-1, 1997.
Gorbatschev, R., Solyom, Z., and Johansson, I.: The Central Scandinavian
Dolerite Group in Jämtland, central Sweden, Geol. Fören. Stockh.
Förh., 101, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035897909448572, 1979.
Grellet, S., Boisvert, E., Simons, B., Rainaud, J.-F., Lorenz, H., Haener,
R., Beaufils, M., Lieberman, J., Liu, Y., Nayembil, M., Raymond, O.,
Sharples, J., and Warren, P.: OGC Borehole Interoperability Experiment
Engineering Report, OGC Eng. Rep., 19-075r1, Open Geospatial Consortium, 182, available at: http://www.opengis.net/doc/per/borehole-ie (last access: 28 January 2022), 2020.
Hedin, P., Juhlin, C., and Gee, D. G.: Seismic imaging of the Scandinavian
Caledonides to define ICDP drilling sites, Tectonophysics, 554–557, 30–41,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.05.026, 2012.
Högdahl, K., Andersson, U. B., and Eklund, O.: The Transscandinavian
Igneous Belt (TIB) in Sweden: a review of its character and evolution,
Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, 123 pp., ISBN 951-690-889-6, 2004.
Juhlin, C., Hedin, P., Gee, D. G., Lorenz, H., Kalscheuer, T., and Yan, P.: Seismic imaging in the eastern Scandinavian Caledonides: siting the 2.5 km deep COSC-2 borehole, central Sweden, Solid Earth, 7, 769–787, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-769-2016, 2016.
Juhojuntti, N., Juhlin, C., and Dyrelius, D.: Crustal reflectivity
underneath the Central Scandinavian Caledonides, Tectonophysics, 334,
191–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00292-4, 2001.
Karis, L. and Strömberg, A.: Beskrivning till berggrundskartan över
Jämtlands län. Del 2: Fjälldelen, Sveriges geologiska
undersökning, Uppsala, 363 pp., ISBN 91-7158-605-9, 1998.
Klonowska, I., Janák, M., Majka, J., Petrík, I., Froitzheim, N.,
Gee, D. G., and Sasinková, V.: Microdiamond on Åreskutan confirms
regional UHP metamorphism in the Seve Nappe Complex of the Scandinavian
Caledonides, J. Metamorph. Geol., 35, 541–564,
https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12244, 2017.
Lescoutre, R., Almqvist, B., Koyi, H., Berthet, T., Hedin, P., Galland, O.,
Brahimi, S., Lorenz, H., and Juhlin, C.: Large-scale flat-lying mafic
intrusions in the Baltican crust and their influence on basement deformation
during Caledonian orogeny, GSA Bulletin, https://doi.org/10.1130/B36202.1, online first, 2022.
Lorenz, H., Rosberg, J.-E., Juhlin, C., Bjelm, L., Almqvist, B. S. G., Berthet, T., Conze, R., Gee, D. G., Klonowska, I., Pascal, C., Pedersen, K., Roberts, N. M. W., and Tsang, C.-F.: COSC-1 – drilling of a subduction-related allochthon in the Palaeozoic Caledonide orogen of Scandinavia, Sci. Dril., 19, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-1-2015, 2015a.
Lorenz, H., Rosberg, J. E., Juhlin, C., Bjelm, L., Almquist, B.,
Berthet, T., Conze, R., Gee, D., Klonowska, I., Pascal, C., Pedersen, K.,
Roberts, N., and Tsang, C. F.: Operational report about phase 1 of the
Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides scientific drilling
project (COSC-1), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, 55 pp., https://doi.org/10.2312/ICDP.2015.002, 2015b.
Lorenz, H., Juhlin, C., Rosberg, J.-E., Bazargan, M., Klonowska, I.,
Kück, J., Lescoutre, R., Rejkjær, S., Westmeijer, G., and Ziemniak,
G.: COSC-2 operational report – Operational data sets, GFZ Data Services [data set], https://doi.org/10.5880/ICDP.5054.003, 2021.
Lundqvist, T. and Persson, P.-O.: Geochronology of porphyries and related
rocks in northern and western Dalarna, south-central Sweden, GFF, 121,
307–322, https://doi.org/10.1080/11035899901214307, 1999.
Palm, H. and Lund, C.-E.: A seismic refraction study in the Caledonian front
of Jämtland, Sweden, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 102, 561–568,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035898009454508, 1980.
Strömberg, A., Karis, L., Zachrisson, E., Sjöstrand, T., Skoglund,
R., Lundegårdh, P. H., Gorbatschev, R., and Kornfält, K.-A.:
Berggrundskarta över Jämtlands län utom förutvarande
Fjällsjö kommun, Sveriges geologiska undersökning, Stockholm, ISBN 91-7158-605-9, 1984.
Welin, E., Christansson, K., and Kähr, A.-M.: Isotopic investigations of
metasedimentary and igneous rocks in the Palaeoproterozoic Bothnian Basin,
central Sweden, Geol. Fören. Stockh. Förh., 115, 285–296,
https://doi.org/10.1080/11035899309453915, 1993.
Wiersberg, T., Pierdominici, S., Lorenz, H., Almqvist, B., and Klonowska,
I.: Identification of gas inflow zones in the COSC-1 borehole (Jämtland,
central Sweden) by drilling mud gas monitoring, downhole geophysical logging
and drill core analysis, Appl. Geochem., 114, 104513,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104513, 2020.
Yan, P., Garcia Juanatey, M. A., Kalscheuer, T., Juhlin, C., Hedin, P.,
Savvaidis, A., Lorenz, H., and Kück, J.: A magnetotelluric investigation
of the Scandinavian Caledonides in western Jämtland, Sweden, using the
COSC borehole logs as prior information, Geophys. J. Int., 208, 1465–1489,
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw457, 2016.
Short summary
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep structure and bedrock of a ca. 400 Ma old major orogen to study deformation processes that are hidden at depth from direct access in modern mountain belts. This paper describes the successful operations at the second site. It provides an overview of the retrieved geological section that differs from the expected and summarises the scientific potential of the accomplished data sets and drill core.
The Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides project provides insights into the deep...