Science report
| 
26 Oct 2023
Science report |
| 26 Oct 2023
| 26 Oct 2023
Initial results of coring at Prees, Cheshire Basin, UK (ICDP JET project): towards an integrated stratigraphy, timescale, and Earth system understanding for the Early Jurassic
Stephen P. Hesselbo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Aisha Al-Suwaidi
Department of Earth Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 12333, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Sarah J. Baker
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
Giorgia Ballabio
School of Earth Sciences and SFI Research Centre in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
Claire M. Belcher
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
Andrew Bond
Centre of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Ian Boomer
Geosciences Research Group, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
Remco Bos
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Christian J. Bjerrum
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen-K, Denmark
Kara Bogus
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Richard Boyle
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
James V. Browning
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066, USA
Alan R. Butcher
Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, 02151, Finland
Daniel J. Condon
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
Philip Copestake
Merlin Energy Resources Ltd., Newberry House, Ledbury, Herefordshire, HR8 2EJ, UK
Stuart Daines
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
Christopher Dalby
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Magret Damaschke
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
Susana E. Damborenea
División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque S/N 1900, La Plata, Argentina
Jean-Francois Deconinck
Biogeosciences, UMR 6282, UBFC/CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
Alexander J. Dickson
Centre of Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
Isabel M. Fendley
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Calum P. Fox
Biogeochemistry Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
Angela Fraguas
Dpto. Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica y Grupo de Investigación en Dinámica de la Tierra y Evolución del Paisaje (Dynamical), ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
Joost Frieling
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Thomas A. Gibson
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Tianchen He
College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
Kat Hickey
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Linda A. Hinnov
Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Teuntje P. Hollaar
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
Chunju Huang
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Alexander J. L. Hudson
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Hugh C. Jenkyns
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Erdem Idiz
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Mengjie Jiang
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Wout Krijgsman
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Christoph Korte
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen-K, Denmark
Melanie J. Leng
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
Timothy M. Lenton
Department of Geography, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
Katharina Leu
Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany
Crispin T. S. Little
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Conall MacNiocaill
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Miguel O. Manceñido
División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque S/N 1900, La Plata, Argentina
Tamsin A. Mather
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
Emanuela Mattioli
Univ Lyon, UCBL, ENSL, UJM, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
Kenneth G. Miller
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066, USA
Robert J. Newton
Univ Lyon, UCBL, ENSL, UJM, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
Kevin N. Page
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
József Pálfy
Department of Geology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
HUN-REN-MTM-ELTE Research Group of Palaeontology, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary
Gregory Pieńkowski
Polish Geological Institute–National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975, Warsaw, Poland
deceased, 19 April 2023
Richard J. Porter
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Simon W. Poulton
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Alberto C. Riccardi
División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, CONICET, Paseo del Bosque S/N 1900, La Plata, Argentina
James B. Riding
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
Ailsa Roper
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Micha Ruhl
Department of Geology and SFI Research Centre in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Ricardo L. Silva
Department of Earth Sciences, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Earth, Environment, and Resources, University of Manitoba, 230 Wallace Building, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
Marisa S. Storm
NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg (Texel), the Netherlands
Guillaume Suan
Univ Lyon, UCBL, ENSL, UJM, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
Dominika Szűcs
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Nicolas Thibault
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen-K, Denmark
Alfred Uchman
Faculty of Geography and Geology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-087, Kraków, Poland
James N. Stanley
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066, USA
Clemens V. Ullmann
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
Bas van de Schootbrugge
Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Marine Palynology and Paleoceanography, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Madeleine L. Vickers
Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1028 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
Sonja Wadas
Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany
Jessica H. Whiteside
Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1010, USA
Paul B. Wignall
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
Thomas Wonik
Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany
School of Earth Sciences and SFI Research Centre in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
Christian Zeeden
Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hanover, Germany
Ke Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
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Philip Meister, Anne Alexandre, Hannah Bailey, Philip Barker, Boris K. Biskaborn, Ellie Broadman, Rosine Cartier, Bernhard Chapligin, Martine Couapel, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernhard Diekmann, Poppy Harding, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Armand Hernandez, Ulrike Herzschuh, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Jack Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, Andreas Lücke, Anson W. Mackay, Eniko Katalin Magyari, Biljana Narancic, Cécile Porchier, Gunhild Rosqvist, Aldo Shemesh, Corinne Sonzogni, George E. A. Swann, Florence Sylvestre, and Hanno Meyer
Clim. Past, 20, 363–392, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-363-2024, 2024
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This paper presents the first comprehensive compilation of diatom oxygen isotope records in lake sediments (δ18OBSi), supported by lake basin parameters. We infer the spatial and temporal coverage of δ18OBSi records and discuss common hemispheric trends on centennial and millennial timescales. Key results are common patterns for hydrologically open lakes in Northern Hemisphere extratropical regions during the Holocene corresponding to known climatic epochs, i.e. the Holocene Thermal Maximum.
Alice R. Paine, Isabel M. Fendley, Joost Frieling, Tamsin A. Mather, Jack H. Lacey, Bernd Wagner, Stuart A. Robinson, David M. Pyle, Alexander Francke, Theodore R. Them II, and Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos
Biogeosciences, 21, 531–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-531-2024, 2024
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Many important processes within the global mercury (Hg) cycle operate over thousands of years. Here, we explore the timing, magnitude, and expression of Hg signals retained in sediments of lakes Prespa and Ohrid over the past ∼90 000 years. Divergent signals suggest that local differences in sediment composition, lake structure, and water balance influence the local Hg cycle and determine the extent to which sedimentary Hg signals reflect local- or global-scale environmental changes.
Madeleine L. Vickers, Morgan T. Jones, Jack Longman, David Evans, Clemens V. Ullmann, Ella Wulfsberg Stokke, Martin Vickers, Joost Frieling, Dustin T. Harper, Vincent J. Clementi, and IODP Expedition 396 Scientists
Clim. Past, 20, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1-2024, 2024
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The discovery of cold-water glendonite pseudomorphs in sediments deposited during the hottest part of the Cenozoic poses an apparent climate paradox. This study examines their occurrence, association with volcanic sediments, and speculates on the timing and extent of cooling, fitting this with current understanding of global climate during this period. We propose that volcanic activity was key to both physical and chemical conditions that enabled the formation of glendonites in these sediments.
Isabelle A. Taylor, Roy G. Grainger, Andrew T. Prata, Simon R. Proud, Tamsin A. Mather, and David M. Pyle
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 15209–15234, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15209-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15209-2023, 2023
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This study looks at sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ash emissions from the April 2021 eruption of La Soufrière on St Vincent. Using satellite data, 35 eruptive events were identified. Satellite data were used to track SO2 as it was transported around the globe. The majority of SO2 was emitted into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Similarities with the 1979 eruption of La Soufrière highlight the value of studying these eruptions to be better prepared for future eruptions.
Antony Philip Emenyu, Thomas Pienkowski, Andrew M. Cunliffe, Timothy M. Lenton, and Tom Powell
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2531, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2531, 2023
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This paper explores what processes could boost adoption rates for regenerative agriculture programs in Africa and draws on insights from successful rapid scaling of TIST in east Africa. Found that the cultivation of reinforcing feedback processes that strengthened the social capital around adoption and elimination of barriers to carbon accreditation for RA projects to be key success factors and possible opportunities new and ongoing RA programs to boost their adoption rates.
Joost Frieling, Linda van Roij, Iris Kleij, Gert-Jan Reichart, and Appy Sluijs
Biogeosciences, 20, 4651–4668, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4651-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4651-2023, 2023
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We present a first species-specific evaluation of marine core-top dinoflagellate cyst carbon isotope fractionation (εp) to assess natural pCO2 dependency on εp and explore its geological deep-time paleo-pCO2 proxy potential. We find that εp differs between genera and species and that in Operculodinium centrocarpum, εp is controlled by pCO2 and nutrients. Our results highlight the added value of δ13C analyses of individual micrometer-scale sedimentary organic carbon particles.
Alison J. Smith, Emi Ito, Natalie Burls, Leon Clarke, Timme Donders, Robert Hatfield, Stephen Kuehn, Andreas Koutsodendris, Tim Lowenstein, David McGee, Peter Molnar, Alexander Prokopenko, Katie Snell, Blas Valero Garcés, Josef Werne, Christian Zeeden, and the PlioWest Working Consortium
Sci. Dril., 32, 61–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-61-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-61-2023, 2023
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Western North American contains accessible and under-recognized paleolake records that hold the keys to understanding the drivers of wetter conditions in Pliocene Epoch subtropical drylands worldwide. In a 2021 ICDP workshop, we chose five paleolake basins to study that span 7° of latitude in a unique array able to capture a detailed record of hydroclimate during the Early Pliocene warm period and subsequent Pleistocene cooling. We propose new drill cores for three of these basins.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
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Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Mila Kim-Chau Fiona Ong, Fenna Blomsma, and Timothy Michael Lenton
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2361, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2361, 2023
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We investigate the initially successful transition from regional bottle reuse for mineral water to a widespread bottle reuse system in Germany, its subsequent destabilisation, and what this teaches us about tipping dynamics in packaging systems. Our findings demonstrate opportunities to create an enabling environment for change, and the role of specific reinforcing feedback loops and interventions in accelerating or impeding sustainable transitions.
Sonja H. Wadas, Johanna F. Krumbholz, Vladimir Shipilin, Michael Krumbholz, David C. Tanner, and Hermann Buness
Solid Earth, 14, 871–908, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-871-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-14-871-2023, 2023
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The geothermal carbonate reservoir below Munich, Germany, is extremely heterogeneous because it is controlled by many factors like lithology, diagenesis, karstification, and tectonic deformation. We used a 3D seismic single- and multi-attribute analysis combined with well data and a neural-net-based lithology classification to obtain an improved reservoir concept outlining its structural and diagenetic evolution and to identify high-quality reservoir zones in the Munich area.
Julia Meister, Hans von Suchodoletz, and Christian Zeeden
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 185–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-185-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-185-2023, 2023
Morgan T. Jones, Ella W. Stokke, Alan D. Rooney, Joost Frieling, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, David J. Wilson, Henrik H. Svensen, Sverre Planke, Thierry Adatte, Nicolas Thibault, Madeleine L. Vickers, Tamsin A. Mather, Christian Tegner, Valentin Zuchuat, and Bo P. Schultz
Clim. Past, 19, 1623–1652, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1623-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1623-2023, 2023
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There are periods in Earth’s history when huge volumes of magma are erupted at the Earth’s surface. The gases released from volcanic eruptions and from sediments heated by the magma are believed to have caused severe climate changes in the geological past. We use a variety of volcanic and climatic tracers to assess how the North Atlantic Igneous Province (56–54 Ma) affected the oceans and atmosphere during a period of extreme global warming.
Mathias Vinnepand, Peter Fischer, Ulrich Hambach, Olaf Jöris, Carol-Ann Craig, Christian Zeeden, Barry Thornton, Thomas Tütken, Charlotte Prud'homme, Philipp Schulte, Olivier Moine, Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons, Christian Laag, Frank Lehmkuhl, Wolfgang Schirmer, and Andreas Vött
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 163–184, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-163-2023, 2023
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Loess–palaeosol sequences (LPSs) represent continental and non-aquatic archives providing detailed information on Quaternary environmental and climate changes. We present an integrative approach combining sedimentological, rock magnetic, and bulk geochemical data, as well as information on Sr and Nd isotope composition. The approach adds to a comprehensive understanding of LPS formation including changes in dust composition and associated circulation patterns during Quaternary climate changes.
Teuntje P. Hollaar, Stephen P. Hesselbo, Jean-François Deconinck, Magret Damaschke, Clemens V. Ullmann, Mengjie Jiang, and Claire M. Belcher
Clim. Past, 19, 979–997, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-979-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-979-2023, 2023
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Palaeoclimatological reconstructions aid our understanding of current and future climate change. In the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) a climatic cooling event occurred globally. We show that this cooling event has a significant impact on the depositional environment of the Cardigan Bay basin but that the 405 kyr eccentricity cycle remained the dominant control on terrestrial and marine depositional processes.
Thomas Letulle, Danièle Gaspard, Mathieu Daëron, Florent Arnaud-Godet, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Guillaume Suan, and Christophe Lécuyer
Biogeosciences, 20, 1381–1403, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1381-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1381-2023, 2023
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This paper studies the chemistry of modern marine shells called brachiopods. We investigate the relationship of the chemistry of these shells with sea temperatures to test and develop tools for estimating sea temperatures in the distant past. Our results confirm that two of the investigated chemical markers could be useful thermometers despite some second-order variability independent of temperature. The other chemical markers investigated, however, should not be used as a thermometer.
Samuel Mailliot, Emanuela Mattioli, Micaela Chaumeil Rodríguez, and Bernard Pittet
J. Micropalaeontol., 42, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-1-2023, 2023
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Using biometric analysis, a new species, Similiscutum giganteum, has been described. Given its distinctive morphology and its stratigraphic range restricted to upper Pliensbachian and Toarcian, the potential stratigraphic use of this new species has to be explored. A method for biometry is also described in detail. This paper proves the value of biometric analysis in taxonomic description.
Taylor Smith, Ruxandra-Maria Zotta, Chris A. Boulton, Timothy M. Lenton, Wouter Dorigo, and Niklas Boers
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 173–183, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-173-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-173-2023, 2023
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Multi-instrument records with varying signal-to-noise ratios are becoming increasingly common as legacy sensors are upgraded, and data sets are modernized. Induced changes in higher-order statistics such as the autocorrelation and variance are not always well captured by cross-calibration schemes. Here we investigate using synthetic examples how strong resulting biases can be and how they can be avoided in order to make reliable statements about changes in the resilience of a system.
Lea Schwahn, Tabea Schulze, Alexander Fülling, Christian Zeeden, Frank Preusser, and Tobias Sprafke
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-1-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-1-2023, 2023
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The loess sequence of Köndringen, Upper Rhine Graben, comprises several glacial–interglacial cycles. It has been investigated using a multi-method approach including the measurement of colour, grain size, organic matter, and carbonate content. The analyses reveal that the sequence comprises several fossil soils and layers of reworked soil material. According to luminescence dating, it reaches back more than 500 000 years.
Adam Woodhouse, Frances A. Procter, Sophie L. Jackson, Robert A. Jamieson, Robert J. Newton, Philip F. Sexton, and Tracy Aze
Biogeosciences, 20, 121–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-121-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-121-2023, 2023
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This study looked into the regional and global response of planktonic foraminifera to the climate over the last 5 million years, when the Earth cooled significantly. These single celled organisms exhibit the best fossil record available to science. We document an abundance switch from warm water to cold water species as the Earth cooled. Moreover, a closer analysis of certain species may indicate higher fossil diversity than previously thought, which has implications for evolutionary studies.
Sonja H. Wadas, Hermann Buness, Raphael Rochlitz, Peter Skiba, Thomas Günther, Michael Grinat, David C. Tanner, Ulrich Polom, Gerald Gabriel, and Charlotte M. Krawczyk
Solid Earth, 13, 1673–1696, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1673-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-13-1673-2022, 2022
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The dissolution of rocks poses a severe hazard because it can cause subsidence and sinkhole formation. Based on results from our study area in Thuringia, Germany, using P- and SH-wave reflection seismics, electrical resistivity and electromagnetic methods, and gravimetry, we develop a geophysical investigation workflow. This workflow enables identifying the initial triggers of subsurface dissolution and its control factors, such as structural constraints, fluid pathways, and mass movement.
Wout Krijgsman, Iuliana Vasiliev, Anouk Beniest, Timothy Lyons, Johanna Lofi, Gabor Tari, Caroline P. Slomp, Namik Cagatay, Maria Triantaphyllou, Rachel Flecker, Dan Palcu, Cecilia McHugh, Helge Arz, Pierre Henry, Karen Lloyd, Gunay Cifci, Özgür Sipahioglu, Dimitris Sakellariou, and the BlackGate workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 31, 93–110, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-93-2022, 2022
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BlackGate seeks to MSP drill a transect to study the impact of dramatic hydrologic change in Mediterranean–Black Sea connectivity by recovering the Messinian to Holocene (~ 7 Myr) sedimentary sequence in the North Aegean, Marmara, and Black seas. These archives will reveal hydrographic, biotic, and climatic transitions studied by a broad scientific community spanning the stratigraphic, tectonic, biogeochemical, and microbiological evolution of Earth’s most recent saline and anoxic giant.
Tabea Schulze, Lea Schwahn, Alexander Fülling, Christian Zeeden, Frank Preusser, and Tobias Sprafke
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 145–162, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-145-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-145-2022, 2022
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A loess sequence in SW Germany was investigated using a high-resolution multi-method approach. It dates to 34–27 ka and comprises layers of initial soil formation. Drier conditions and a different atmospheric circulation pattern during the time of deposition are expected as the soil layers are less strongly developed compared to similar horizons further north. Dust accumulation predates the last advance of Alpine glaciers, and no loess deposition is recorded for the time of maximum ice extent.
Gilles Reverdin, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Pierre, Camille Akhoudas, Giovanni Aloisi, Marion Benetti, Bernard Bourlès, Magnus Danielsen, Jérôme Demange, Denis Diverrès, Jean-Claude Gascard, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Hervé Le Goff, Pascale Lherminier, Claire Lo Monaco, Herlé Mercier, Nicolas Metzl, Simon Morisset, Aïcha Naamar, Thierry Reynaud, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Virginie Thierry, Susan E. Hartman, Edward W. Mawji, Solveig Olafsdottir, Torsten Kanzow, Anton Velo, Antje Voelker, Igor Yashayaev, F. Alexander Haumann, Melanie J. Leng, Carol Arrowsmith, and Michael Meredith
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721–2735, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022
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The CISE-LOCEAN seawater stable isotope dataset has close to 8000 data entries. The δ18O and δD isotopic data measured at LOCEAN have uncertainties of at most 0.05 ‰ and 0.25 ‰, respectively. Some data were adjusted to correct for evaporation. The internal consistency indicates that the data can be used to investigate time and space variability to within 0.03 ‰ and 0.15 ‰ in δ18O–δD17; comparisons with data analyzed in other institutions suggest larger differences with other datasets.
Andrew L. A. Johnson, Annemarie M. Valentine, Bernd R. Schöne, Melanie J. Leng, and Stijn Goolaerts
Clim. Past, 18, 1203–1229, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1203-2022, 2022
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Determining seasonal temperatures demands proxies that record the highest and lowest temperatures over the annual cycle. Many record neither, but oxygen isotope profiles from shells in principle record both. Oxygen isotope data from late Pliocene bivalve molluscs of the southern North Sea basin show that the seasonal temperature range was at times much higher than previously estimated and higher than now. This suggests reduced oceanic heat supply, in contrast to some previous interpretations.
Nicolas Séon, Romain Amiot, Guillaume Suan, Christophe Lécuyer, François Fourel, Fabien Demaret, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Sylvain Charbonnier, and Peggy Vincent
Biogeosciences, 19, 2671–2681, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2671-2022, 2022
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We analysed the oxygen isotope composition of bones and teeth of four marine species possessing regional heterothermies. We observed a consistent link between oxygen isotope composition and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. This opens up new perspectives on the determination of the thermoregulatory strategies of extant marine vertebrates where conventional methods are difficult to apply, but also allows us to investigate thermophysiologies of extinct vertebrates.
Micaela Chaumeil Rodríguez, Emanuela Mattioli, and Juan Pablo Pérez Panera
J. Micropalaeontol., 41, 75–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-75-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-41-75-2022, 2022
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We present a deep systematic and taxonomic revision of the Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossils from the Neuquén Basin. The study focuses on characterizing the assemblages and identifying bioevents. The Pliensbachian associations from the Los Molles Formation are ilustrated for the first time, along with new biostratigraphic data from the area. Similarities found with locaties from the proto-Atlantic region suggest a connection between the Pacific and Tethys oceans during the Early Jurassic.
Thomas Letulle, Guillaume Suan, Mathieu Daëron, Mikhail Rogov, Christophe Lécuyer, Arnauld Vinçon-Laugier, Bruno Reynard, Gilles Montagnac, Oleg Lutikov, and Jan Schlögl
Clim. Past, 18, 435–448, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-435-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-435-2022, 2022
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In this study, we applied geochemical tools to well-preserved ∼180-million-year-old marine mollusc shells from polar and mid-latitude seas. These results indicate that polar shells grew at temperatures of 8–18°C, while mid-latitude shells grew at temperatures of 24–28°C. These results, together with previously published data, raise concerns about the ability of climate models to predict accurate polar temperatures under reasonably high atmospheric CO2 levels.
Thomas S. Ball, Naomi E. Vaughan, Thomas W. Powell, Andrew Lovett, and Timothy M. Lenton
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 929–949, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-929-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-929-2022, 2022
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C-LLAMA is a simple model of the global food system operating at a country level from 2013 to 2050. The model begins with projections of diet composition and populations for each country, producing a demand for each food commodity and finally an agricultural land use in each country. The model can be used to explore the sensitivity of agricultural land use to various drivers within the food system at country, regional, and continental spatial aggregations.
Peter K. Bijl, Joost Frieling, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Christine Boschman, Appy Sluijs, and Francien Peterse
Clim. Past, 17, 2393–2425, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2393-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2393-2021, 2021
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Here, we use the latest insights for GDGT and dinocyst-based paleotemperature and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in late Cretaceous–early Oligocene sediments from ODP Site 1172 (East Tasman Plateau, Australia). We reconstruct strong river runoff during the Paleocene–early Eocene, a progressive decline thereafter with increased wet/dry seasonality in the northward-drifting hinterland. Our critical review leaves the anomalous warmth of the Eocene SW Pacific Ocean unexplained.
Christian Zeeden, Jehangeer Ahmad Mir, Mathias Vinnepand, Christian Laag, Christian Rolf, and Reyaz Ahmad Dar
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 70, 191–195, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-191-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-70-191-2021, 2021
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We investigate two loess–palaeosol sequences in Kashmir. Magnetic enhancement of the loess was strong during stadial phases. Besides classical magnetic enhancement, wind vigour suggests partly strong winds. Grain sizes are dominantly in the silt range and comparable to data from central Asia, which do not suggest transport over high mountain ranges as required for non-local sources in Kashmir. Therefore, we suggest that the Kashmir loess is predominantly of local origin.
Thomas Munier, Jean-François Deconinck, Pierre Pellenard, Stephen P. Hesselbo, James B. Riding, Clemens V. Ullmann, Cédric Bougeault, Mathilde Mercuzot, Anne-Lise Santoni, Émilia Huret, and Philippe Landrein
Clim. Past, 17, 1547–1566, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1547-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1547-2021, 2021
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Clay minerals are witnesses of alteration conditions in continental environments. Lacking high-resolution data on clay minerals, this work highlights wet and semi-arid cycles at mid-latitude in the upper Sinemurian. The higher proportion of kaolinite in the upper part of the obtusum zone and in the oxynotum zone indicates an increase in hydrolysis conditions in a warmer period confirmed by carbon isotopes.
Markus Adloff, Andy Ridgwell, Fanny M. Monteiro, Ian J. Parkinson, Alexander J. Dickson, Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann, Matthew S. Fantle, and Sarah E. Greene
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 4187–4223, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4187-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-4187-2021, 2021
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We present the first representation of the trace metals Sr, Os, Li and Ca in a 3D Earth system model (cGENIE). The simulation of marine metal sources (weathering, hydrothermal input) and sinks (deposition) reproduces the observed concentrations and isotopic homogeneity of these metals in the modern ocean. With these new tracers, cGENIE can be used to test hypotheses linking these metal cycles and the cycling of other elements like O and C and simulate their dynamic response to external forcing.
Mark A. Stevenson, Suzanne McGowan, Emma J. Pearson, George E. A. Swann, Melanie J. Leng, Vivienne J. Jones, Joseph J. Bailey, Xianyu Huang, and Erika Whiteford
Biogeosciences, 18, 2465–2485, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2465-2021, 2021
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We link detailed stable isotope and biomarker analyses from the catchments of three Arctic upland lakes on Disko Island (West Greenland) to a recent dated sediment core to understand how carbon cycling has changed over the past ~500 years. We find that the carbon deposited in sediments in these upland lakes is predominately sourced from in-lake production due to the catchment's limited terrestrial vegetation and elevation and that recent increases in algal production link with climate change.
Annique van der Boon, Klaudia F. Kuiper, Robin van der Ploeg, Marlow Julius Cramwinckel, Maryam Honarmand, Appy Sluijs, and Wout Krijgsman
Clim. Past, 17, 229–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-229-2021, 2021
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40.5 million years ago, Earth's climate warmed, but it is unknown why. Enhanced volcanism has been suggested, but this has not yet been tied to a specific region. We explore an increase in volcanism in Iran. We dated igneous rocks and compiled ages from the literature. We estimated the volume of igneous rocks in Iran in order to calculate the amount of CO2 that could have been released due to enhanced volcanism. We conclude that an increase in volcanism in Iran is a plausible cause of warming.
Appy Sluijs, Joost Frieling, Gordon N. Inglis, Klaas G. J. Nierop, Francien Peterse, Francesca Sangiorgi, and Stefan Schouten
Clim. Past, 16, 2381–2400, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2381-2020, 2020
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We revisit 15-year-old reconstructions of sea surface temperatures in the Arctic Ocean for the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs (∼ 57–53 million years ago) based on the distribution of fossil membrane lipids of archaea preserved in Arctic Ocean sediments. We find that improvements in the methods over the past 15 years do not lead to different results. However, data quality is now higher and potential biases better characterized. Results confirm remarkable Arctic warmth during this time.
Cited articles
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Short summary
We present initial results from a 650 m long core of Late Triasssic to Early Jurassic (190–202 Myr) sedimentary strata from the Cheshire Basin, UK, which is shown to be an exceptional record of Earth evolution for the time of break-up of the supercontinent Pangaea. Further work will determine periodic changes in depositional environments caused by solar system dynamics and used to reconstruct orbital history.
We present initial results from a 650 m long core of Late Triasssic to Early Jurassic (190–202...
