Science report
| 
25 Feb 2022
Science report |
| 25 Feb 2022
| 25 Feb 2022
From glacial erosion to basin overfill: a 240 m-thick overdeepening–fill sequence in Bern, Switzerland
Michael A. Schwenk
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Patrick Schläfli
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Dimitri Bandou
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Natacha Gribenski
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Guilhem A. Douillet
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Fritz Schlunegger
Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Related authors
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Sibylle Knapp, Michael Schwenk, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1185–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Flims area in the Swiss Alps has fascinated the researchers with its complex geological history ever since. Especially the order of events related to the Tamins and Flims rockslides has long been debated. This paper presents novel results based on up to 160 m deep geophysical profiles, which show onlaps of the Bonaduz Formation onto the Tamins deposits (Ils Aults) and thus indicate that the Tamins rockslide occurred first. The consecutive evolution of this landscape is shown in four phases.
Michael A. Schwenk, Laura Stutenbecker, Patrick Schläfli, Dimitri Bandou, and Fritz Schlunegger
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 163–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the origin of glacial sediments in the Bern area to determine their route of transport either with the Aare Glacier or the Valais Glacier. These two ice streams are known to have joined in the Bern area during the last major glaciation (ca. 20 000 years ago). However, little is known about the ice streams prior to this last glaciation. Here we collected evidence that during a glaciation about 250 000 years ago the Aare Glacier dominated the area as documented in the deposits.
Fritz Schlunegger, Edi Kissling, Dimitri Tibo Bandou, Guilhem Amin Douillet, David Mair, Urs Marti, Regina Reber, Patrick Schläfli, and Michael Alfred Schwenk
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 1371–1389, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-1371-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Overdeepenings are bedrock depressions filled with sediment. We combine the results of a gravity survey with drilling data to explore the morphology of such a depression beneath the city of Bern. We find that the target overdeepening comprises two basins >200 m deep. They are separated by a bedrock riegel that itself is cut by narrow canyons up to 150 m deep. We postulate that these structures formed underneath a glacier, where erosion by subglacial meltwater caused the formation of the canyons.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Jonas Kley, and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 15, 1365–1383, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1365-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-1365-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates how Earth's geodynamic processes shaped the NW Zagros mountain belt in the Middle East. The Neogene foreland basin underwent subsidence due to the load of the surface and the subducting slab and was later influenced by the Neotethys horizontal slab tearing and the associated asthenospheric mantle flow during the Late Miocene and onward.
Michael Margreth, Florian Lustenberger, Dorothea Hug Peter, Fritz Schlunegger, and Massimiliano Zappa
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-78, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2024-78, 2024
Preprint under review for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
Recession models (RM) are crucial for observing the low flow behavior of a catchment. We developed two novel RM, which are designed to represent slowly draining catchment conditions. With a newly designed low flow prediction procedure we tested the prediction capability of these two models and three others from literature. One of our novel products delivered the best results, because it best represents the slowly draining catchment conditions.
Daniel Bolliger, Fritz Schlunegger, and Brian W. McArdell
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1035–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1035-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-24-1035-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed data from the Illgraben debris flow monitoring station, Switzerland, and we modelled these flows with a debris flow runout model. We found that no correlation exists between the grain size distribution, the mineralogical composition of the matrix, and the debris flow properties. The flow properties rather appear to be determined by the flow volume, from which most other parameters can be derived.
Pierre Dietrich, François Guillocheau, Guilhem Amin Douillet, Neil Patrick Griffis, Guillaume Baby, Daniel Paul Le Heron, Laurie Barrier, Maximilien Mathian, Isabel Patricia Montañez, Cécile Robin, Thomas Gyomlai, Christoph Kettler, and Axel Hofmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-467, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-467, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
At the evocation of ‘icy landscapes’, Africa is not the first place that comes to mind. The modern relief of Southern Africa is generally considered as resulting from uplift and counteracting erosion. We show that many modern reliefs of this region are fossil glacial landscapes tied to an ice age that occurred 300 million years ago: striated pavements, valleys, fjords. We emphasise how these landscapes have escaped being erased for hundreds of millions of years, generally considered improbable.
Ariel Henrique do Prado, David Mair, Philippos Garefalakis, Chantal Schmidt, Alexander Whittaker, Sebastien Castelltort, and Fritz Schlunegger
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1173–1190, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1173-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1173-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Engineering structures known as check dams are built with the intention of managing streams. The effectiveness of such structures can be expressed by quantifying the reduction of the sediment flux after their implementation. In this contribution, we estimate and compare the volumes of sediment transported in a mountain stream for engineered and non-engineered conditions. We found that without check dams the mean sediment flux would be ca. 10 times larger in comparison with the current situation.
Sibylle Knapp, Michael Schwenk, and Michael Krautblatter
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1185–1193, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1185-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Flims area in the Swiss Alps has fascinated the researchers with its complex geological history ever since. Especially the order of events related to the Tamins and Flims rockslides has long been debated. This paper presents novel results based on up to 160 m deep geophysical profiles, which show onlaps of the Bonaduz Formation onto the Tamins deposits (Ils Aults) and thus indicate that the Tamins rockslide occurred first. The consecutive evolution of this landscape is shown in four phases.
Natacha Gribenski, Marissa M. Tremblay, Pierre G. Valla, Greg Balco, Benny Guralnik, and David L. Shuster
Geochronology, 4, 641–663, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-641-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-641-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We apply quartz 3He paleothermometry along two deglaciation profiles in the European Alps to reconstruct temperature evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum. We observe a 3He thermal signal clearly colder than today in all bedrock surface samples exposed prior the Holocene. Current uncertainties in 3He diffusion kinetics do not permit distinguishing if this signal results from Late Pleistocene ambient temperature changes or from recent ground temperature variation due to permafrost degradation.
David Mair, Ariel Henrique Do Prado, Philippos Garefalakis, Alessandro Lechmann, Alexander Whittaker, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 953–973, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Grain size data are important for studying and managing rivers, but they are difficult to obtain in the field. Therefore, methods have been developed that use images from small and remotely piloted aircraft. However, uncertainty in grain size data from such image-based products is understudied. Here we present a new way of uncertainty estimation that includes fully modeled errors. We use this technique to assess the effect of several image acquisition aspects on grain size uncertainty.
Michael A. Schwenk, Laura Stutenbecker, Patrick Schläfli, Dimitri Bandou, and Fritz Schlunegger
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 163–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-163-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-163-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated the origin of glacial sediments in the Bern area to determine their route of transport either with the Aare Glacier or the Valais Glacier. These two ice streams are known to have joined in the Bern area during the last major glaciation (ca. 20 000 years ago). However, little is known about the ice streams prior to this last glaciation. Here we collected evidence that during a glaciation about 250 000 years ago the Aare Glacier dominated the area as documented in the deposits.
Elena Serra, Pierre G. Valla, Romain Delunel, Natacha Gribenski, Marcus Christl, and Naki Akçar
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 493–512, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-493-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-493-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Alpine landscapes are transformed by several erosion processes. 10Be concentrations measured in river sediments at the outlet of a basin represent a powerful tool to quantify how fast the catchment erodes. We measured erosion rates within the Dora Baltea catchments (western Italian Alps). Our results show that erosion is governed by topography, bedrock resistance and glacial imprint. The Mont Blanc massif has the highest erosion and therefore dominates the sediment flux of the Dora Baltea river.
Ariel Henrique do Prado, Renato Paes de Almeida, Cristiano Padalino Galeazzi, Victor Sacek, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 457–471, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-457-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-457-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Our work is focused on describing how and why the terrace levels of central Amazonia were formed during the last 100 000 years. We propose to address this question through a landscape evolution numerical model. Our results show that terrace levels at lower elevation were established in response to dry–wet climate changes and the older terrace levels at higher elevations most likely formed in response to a previously higher elevation of the regional base level.
Alessandro Lechmann, David Mair, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Antonio Ereditato, Ryuichi Nishiyama, Ciro Pistillo, Paola Scampoli, Mykhailo Vladymyrov, and Fritz Schlunegger
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2441–2473, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2441-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2441-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Muon tomography is a technology that is used often in geoscientific research. The know-how of data analysis is, however, still possessed by physicists who developed this technology. This article aims at providing geoscientists with the necessary tools to perform their own analyses. We hope that a lower threshold to enter the field of muon tomography will allow more geoscientists to engage with muon tomography. SMAUG is set up in a modular way to allow for its own modules to work in between.
Emilija Krsnik, Katharina Methner, Marion Campani, Svetlana Botsyun, Sebastian G. Mutz, Todd A. Ehlers, Oliver Kempf, Jens Fiebig, Fritz Schlunegger, and Andreas Mulch
Solid Earth, 12, 2615–2631, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Here we present new surface elevation constraints for the middle Miocene Central Alps based on stable and clumped isotope geochemical analyses. Our reconstructed paleoelevation estimate is supported by isotope-enabled paleoclimate simulations and indicates that the Miocene Central Alps were characterized by a heterogeneous and spatially transient topography with high elevations locally exceeding 4000 m.
Renas I. Koshnaw, Fritz Schlunegger, and Daniel F. Stockli
Solid Earth, 12, 2479–2501, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-12-2479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
As continental plates collide, mountain belts grow. This study investigated the provenance of rocks from the northwestern segment of the Zagros mountain belt to unravel the convergence history of the Arabian and Eurasian plates. Provenance data synthesis and field relationships suggest that the Zagros Mountains developed as a result of the oceanic crust emplacement on the Arabian continental plate, followed by the Arabia–Eurasia collision and later uplift of the broader region.
Owen A. Anfinson, Daniel F. Stockli, Joseph C. Miller, Andreas Möller, and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 11, 2197–2220, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2197-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-2197-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present new U–Pb age data to provide insights into the source of sediment for the Molasse Sedimentary Basin in Switzerland. The paper aims to help shed light on the processes that built the Central Alpine Mountains between ~35 and ~15 Ma. A primary conclusion drawn from the results is that at ~21 Ma there was a significant change in the sediment sources for the basin. We feel this change indicates major tectonic changes within the Central Alps.
Samuel Mock, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth, 11, 1823–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1823-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on thermochronological data, we infer thrusting along-strike the northern rim of the Central Alps between 12–4 Ma. While the lithology influences the pattern of thrusting at the local scale, we observe that thrusting in the foreland is a long-wavelength feature occurring between Lake Geneva and Salzburg. This coincides with the geometry and dynamics of the attached lithospheric slab at depth. Thus, thrusting in the foreland is at least partly linked to changes in slab dynamics.
Fritz Schlunegger, Romain Delunel, and Philippos Garefalakis
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 717–728, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-717-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-717-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We calculated the probability of sediment transport in coarse-grained mountainous streams in the Alps and the Andes where data on water discharge is available. We find a positive correlation between the predicted probability of sediment transport and the grain size sorting of the bed material. We suggest that besides sediment discharge, the bedload sorting exerts a significant influence on the mobility of sediment and thus on the stability of gravel bars in mountainous streams.
David Mair, Alessandro Lechmann, Romain Delunel, Serdar Yeşilyurt, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Christof Vockenhuber, Marcus Christl, Naki Akçar, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 637–659, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-637-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-637-2020, 2020
Philippos Garefalakis and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 10, 2045–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2045-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2045-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The controls on the 20 Myr old Burdigalian transgression in the Swiss Molasse basin have been related to a reduction in sediment flux, a rise in global sea level, or tectonic processes in the adjacent Alps. Here, we readdress this problem and extract stratigraphic signals from the Upper Marine Molasse deposits in Switzerland. In conclusion, we consider rollback tectonics to be the main driving force controlling the transgression, which is related to a deepening and widening of the basin.
François Clapuyt, Veerle Vanacker, Marcus Christl, Kristof Van Oost, and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 10, 1489–1503, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1489-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1489-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using state-of-the-art geomorphic techniques, we quantified a 2-order of magnitude discrepancy between annual, decadal, and millennial sediment fluxes of a landslide-affected mountainous river catchment in the Swiss Alps. Our results illustrate that the impact of a single sediment pulse is strongly attenuated at larger spatial and temporal scales by sediment transport. The accumulation of multiple sediment pulses has rather a measurable impact on the regional pattern of sediment fluxes.
Samuel Mock, Christoph von Hagke, Fritz Schlunegger, István Dunkl, and Marco Herwegh
Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-56, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2019-56, 2019
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Based on own and published age data, we can infer tectonic pulses along-strike the entire northern rim of the Central Alps between 12–4 million years. Although lithologic variations largely influence the local deformation pattern, the tectonic signal is remarkably consistent all the way from Lake Geneva to Salzburg. This might result from a deep-seated tectonic force and marks a change from dominantly vertical to large-scale horizontal tectonics in the late stage of Alpine orogeny.
Alessandro Lechmann, David Mair, Akitaka Ariga, Tomoko Ariga, Antonio Ereditato, Ryuichi Nishiyama, Ciro Pistillo, Paola Scampoli, Fritz Schlunegger, and Mykhailo Vladymyrov
Solid Earth, 9, 1517–1533, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1517-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1517-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Muon tomography is a technology, similar to X-ray tomography, to image the interior of an object, including geologically interesting ones. In this work, we examined the influence of rock composition on the physical measurements, and the possible error that is made by assuming a too-simplistic rock model. We performed numerical simulations for a more realistic rock model and found that beyond 300 m of rock, the composition starts to play a significant role and has to be accounted for.
David Mair, Alessandro Lechmann, Marco Herwegh, Lukas Nibourel, and Fritz Schlunegger
Solid Earth, 9, 1099–1122, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1099-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-9-1099-2018, 2018
Fritz Schlunegger and Philippos Garefalakis
Earth Surf. Dynam., 6, 743–761, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-743-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-743-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Clast imbrication, which is a depositional fabric where clasts overlap each other similar to a run of toppled dominoes, is one of the most conspicuous sedimentary structures in coarse-grained fluvial deposits. However, the conditions leading to this fabric have been contested. Here, we calculate the hydrological conditions for various stream gradients. We find that clast imbrication most likely forms where channel gradients exceed a threshold and where upper flow regime conditions prevail.
Anna Costa, Peter Molnar, Laura Stutenbecker, Maarten Bakker, Tiago A. Silva, Fritz Schlunegger, Stuart N. Lane, Jean-Luc Loizeau, and Stéphanie Girardclos
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 509–528, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-509-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-509-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the signal of a warmer climate in the suspended-sediment dynamics of a regulated and human-impacted Alpine catchment. We demonstrate that temperature-driven enhanced melting of glaciers, which occurred in the mid-1980s, played a dominant role in suspended sediment concentration rise, through increased runoff from sediment-rich proglacial areas, increased contribution of sediment-rich meltwater, and increased sediment supply in proglacial areas due to glacier recession.
François Clapuyt, Veerle Vanacker, Fritz Schlunegger, and Kristof Van Oost
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 791–806, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-791-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-791-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims at understanding the behaviour of an earth flow located in the Swiss Alps by reconstructing very accurately its topography over a 2-year period. Aerial photos taken from a drone, which are then processed using a computer vision algorithm, were used to derive the topographic datasets. Combination and careful interpretation of high-resolution topographic analyses reveal the internal mechanisms of the earthflow and its complex rotational structure, which is evolving over time.
Camille Litty, Fritz Schlunegger, and Willem Viveen
Earth Surf. Dynam., 5, 571–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-571-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-571-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on the analysis of the properties controlling the grain size in the streams of the western Peruvian Andes. Pebble size distributions in these streams have been compared to fluvial processes and basin properties. The resulting trends and differences in sediment properties seem to have been controlled by threshold conditions upon supply and transport.
Jorge Eduardo Romero, Guilhem Amin Douillet, Silvia Vallejo Vargas, Jorge Bustillos, Liliana Troncoso, Juan Díaz Alvarado, and Patricio Ramón
Solid Earth, 8, 697–719, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-697-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-8-697-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The 1 February 2014 eruption of the Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) was the second largest one since the re-awakening in 1999. The eruption showed precursory signs only 48 h before the eruption. The main explosions produced a 13 km eruptive column and pyroclastic density currents that reached the base of the volcano.
Here we document the deposits related to the eruption and infer eruption mechanisms and transport processes.
Laura Stutenbecker, Anna Costa, and Fritz Schlunegger
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 253–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-253-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-253-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper considers the influence of lithology on the landscape development in the Central Swiss Alps. In high-alpine settings such as the upper Rhône valley, external forcing by climate, glaciation and uplift affects the geomorphological evolution of the landscape. By careful compilation of published data and geomorphological analysis we found that the rock type and its susceptibility to erosion are the main factors controlling the response time to those perturbations.
K. P. Norton, F. Schlunegger, and C. Litty
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 147–157, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-147-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-147-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Cut-fill terraces are common landforms throughout the world. Their distribution both in space and time is not clear-cut, as they can arise from numerous processes. We apply a climate-dependent regolith production algorithm to determine potential sediment loads during climate shifts. When combined with transport capacity, our results suggest that the cut-fill terraces of western Peru can result from transient stripping of hillslope sediment but not steady-state hillslope erosion.
G. A. Douillet, B. Taisne, È Tsang-Hin-Sun, S. K. Müller, U. Kueppers, and D. B. Dingwell
Solid Earth, 6, 553–572, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-553-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-6-553-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Sedimentary beds can exhibit signs of local deformation in pyroclastic strata. Patterns are reviewed and trigger mechanisms interpreted.
During an eruption, basal granular flows can have a fluidized behavior, inducing over- or underpressure at the bed interface. Basal shear can overturn strata. Large blocks ejected ballistically deform the ground when landing. Explosions at the vent produce shock waves that can destabilize a bed. These syn-eruptive triggers are specific to explosive volcanism.
Related subject area
Location/Setting: Continental | Subject: Geology | Geoprocesses: Global climate change
Paleozoic Equatorial Records of Melting Ice Ages (PERMIA): calibrating the pace of paleotropical environmental and ecological change during Earth's previous icehouse
BASE (Barberton Archean Surface Environments) – drilling Paleoarchean coastal strata of the Barberton Greenstone Belt
ICDP workshop on the Deep Drilling in the Turkana Basin project: exploring the link between environmental factors and hominin evolution over the past 4 Myr
Paleogene Earth perturbations in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (PEP-US): coring transects of hyperthermals to understand past carbon injections and ecosystem responses
Drilling into a deep buried valley (ICDP DOVE): a 252 m long sediment succession from a glacial overdeepening in northwestern Switzerland
Workshop report: PlioWest – drilling Pliocene lakes in western North America
Deep-time Arctic climate archives: high-resolution coring of Svalbard's sedimentary record – SVALCLIME, a workshop report
Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys (ICDP-DOVE): quantifying the age, extent, and environmental impact of Alpine glaciations
Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to +2 °C (SWAIS 2C)
Scientific drilling workshop on the Weihe Basin Drilling Project (WBDP): Cenozoic tectonic–monsoon interactions
Report on ICDP Deep Dust workshops: probing continental climate of the late Paleozoic icehouse–greenhouse transition and beyond
The Bouse Formation, a controversial Neogene archive of the evolving Colorado River: a scientific drilling workshop report (28 February–3 March 2019 – BlueWater Resort & Casino, Parker, AZ, USA)
Colorado Plateau Coring Project, Phase I (CPCP-I): a continuously cored, globally exportable chronology of Triassic continental environmental change from western North America
Report on ICDP workshop CONOSC (COring the NOrth Sea Cenozoic)
A key continental archive for the last 2 Ma of climatic history of the central Mediterranean region: A pilot drilling in the Fucino Basin, central Italy
Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP): origins and evolution of the forests, climate, and hydrology of the South American tropics
Accelerating Neoproterozoic research through scientific drilling
A way forward to discover Antarctica's past
Jonathan M. G. Stine, Joshua M. Feinberg, Adam K. Huttenlocker, Randall B. Irmis, Declan Ramirez, Rashida Doctor, John McDaris, Charles M. Henderson, Michael T. Read, Kristina Brady Shannon, Anders Noren, Ryan O'Grady, Ayva Sloo, Patrick Steury, Diego P. Fernandez, Amy C. Henrici, and Neil J. Tabor
Sci. Dril., 33, 109–128, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-109-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-109-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present initial results from the upper 450 m of ER-1, a legacy core collected from modern-day Bears Ears National Monument, Utah, USA. This section contains a relatively complete record of Upper Carboniferous to Early Permian sediments, providing a unique window on Earth's last icehouse–hothouse transition. Ongoing research will tie our results to important fossil sites, allowing us to better understand how this climate shift contributed to the evolution of terrestrial life.
Christoph Heubeck, Nic Beukes, Michiel de Kock, Martin Homann, Emmanuelle J. Javaux, Takeshi Kakegawa, Stefan Lalonde, Paul Mason, Phumelele Mashele, Dora Paprika, Chris Rippon, Mike Tice, Rodney Tucker, Ryan Tucker, Victor Ndazamo, Astrid Christianson, and Cindy Kunkel
Sci. Dril., 33, 129–172, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-129-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-129-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
What was Earth like when young? Under what conditions did bacteria spread? We studied some of the best-preserved, oldest rocks in South Africa. Layers there are about vertical; we drilled sideways. Sedimentary strata from eight boreholes showed that they had been deposited in rivers, sandy shorelines, tidal flats, estuaries, and the ocean. Some have well-preserved remnants of microbes. We will learn how life was established on a planet which would appear very inhospitable to us nowadays.
Catherine C. Beck, Melissa Berke, Craig S. Feibel, Verena Foerster, Lydia Olaka, Helen M. Roberts, Christopher A. Scholz, Kat Cantner, Anders Noren, Geoffery Mibei Kiptoo, James Muirhead, and the Deep Drilling in the Turkana Basin (DDTB) project team
Sci. Dril., 33, 93–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-93-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-93-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Deep Drilling in the Turkana Basin project seeks to determine the relative impacts of tectonics and climate on eastern African ecosystems. To organize goals for coring, we hosted a workshop in Nairobi, Kenya, which focused on how a 4 Myr sedimentary core from Turkana will uniquely address research objectives related to basin evolution, past climates and environments, and modern resources. We concluded that a Pliocene to modern record is best accomplished through a two-phase drilling project.
Marci M. Robinson, Kenneth G. Miller, Tali L. Babila, Timothy J. Bralower, James V. Browning, Marlow J. Cramwinckel, Monika Doubrawa, Gavin L. Foster, Megan K. Fung, Sean Kinney, Maria Makarova, Peter P. McLaughlin, Paul N. Pearson, Ursula Röhl, Morgan F. Schaller, Jean M. Self-Trail, Appy Sluijs, Thomas Westerhold, James D. Wright, and James C. Zachos
Sci. Dril., 33, 47–65, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-47-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-33-47-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is the closest geological analog to modern anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but its causes and the responses remain enigmatic. Coastal plain sediments can resolve this uncertainty, but their discontinuous nature requires numerous sites to constrain events. Workshop participants identified 10 drill sites that target the PETM and other interesting intervals. Our post-drilling research will provide valuable insights into Earth system responses.
Sebastian Schaller, Marius W. Buechi, Bennet Schuster, and Flavio S. Anselmetti
Sci. Dril., 32, 27–42, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-27-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-27-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In the frame of the DOVE (Drilling Overdeepened Alpine Valleys) project and with the support of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), we drilled and recovered a 252 m long sediment core from the Basadingen Through. The Basadingen Trough, once eroded by the Rhine glacier during several ice ages, reaches over 300 m under the modern landscape. The sedimentary filling represents a precious scientific archive for understanding and reconstructing past glaciations.
Alison J. Smith, Emi Ito, Natalie Burls, Leon Clarke, Timme Donders, Robert Hatfield, Stephen Kuehn, Andreas Koutsodendris, Tim Lowenstein, David McGee, Peter Molnar, Alexander Prokopenko, Katie Snell, Blas Valero Garcés, Josef Werne, Christian Zeeden, and the PlioWest Working Consortium
Sci. Dril., 32, 61–72, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-61-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-61-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Western North American contains accessible and under-recognized paleolake records that hold the keys to understanding the drivers of wetter conditions in Pliocene Epoch subtropical drylands worldwide. In a 2021 ICDP workshop, we chose five paleolake basins to study that span 7° of latitude in a unique array able to capture a detailed record of hydroclimate during the Early Pliocene warm period and subsequent Pleistocene cooling. We propose new drill cores for three of these basins.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Flavio S. Anselmetti, Milos Bavec, Christian Crouzet, Markus Fiebig, Gerald Gabriel, Frank Preusser, Cesare Ravazzi, and DOVE scientific team
Sci. Dril., 31, 51–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-51-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-31-51-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Previous glaciations eroded below the ice deep valleys in the Alpine foreland, which, with their sedimentary fillings, witness the timing and extent of these glacial advance–retreat cycles. Drilling such sedimentary sequences will thus provide well-needed evidence in order to reconstruct the (a)synchronicity of past ice advances in a trans-Alpine perspective. Eventually these data will document how the Alpine foreland was shaped and how the paleoclimate patterns varied along and across the Alps.
Molly O. Patterson, Richard H. Levy, Denise K. Kulhanek, Tina van de Flierdt, Huw Horgan, Gavin B. Dunbar, Timothy R. Naish, Jeanine Ash, Alex Pyne, Darcy Mandeno, Paul Winberry, David M. Harwood, Fabio Florindo, Francisco J. Jimenez-Espejo, Andreas Läufer, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Osamu Seki, Paolo Stocchi, Johann P. Klages, Jae Il Lee, Florence Colleoni, Yusuke Suganuma, Edward Gasson, Christian Ohneiser, José-Abel Flores, David Try, Rachel Kirkman, Daleen Koch, and the SWAIS 2C Science Team
Sci. Dril., 30, 101–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
How much of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will melt and how quickly it will happen when average global temperatures exceed 2 °C is currently unknown. Given the far-reaching and international consequences of Antarctica’s future contribution to global sea level rise, the SWAIS 2C Project was developed in order to better forecast the size and timing of future changes.
Zhisheng An, Peizhen Zhang, Hendrik Vogel, Yougui Song, John Dodson, Thomas Wiersberg, Xijie Feng, Huayu Lu, Li Ai, and Youbin Sun
Sci. Dril., 28, 63–73, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-63-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-63-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Earth has experienced remarkable climate–environmental changes in the last 65 million years. The Weihe Basin with its 6000–8000 m infill of a continuous sedimentary sequence gives a unique continental archive for the study of the Cenozoic environment and exploration of deep biospheres. This workshop report concludes key objectives of the two-phase Weihe Basin Drilling Project and the global significance of reconstructing Cenozoic climate evolution and tectonic–monsoon interaction in East Asia.
Gerilyn S. Soreghan, Laurent Beccaletto, Kathleen C. Benison, Sylvie Bourquin, Georg Feulner, Natsuko Hamamura, Michael Hamilton, Nicholas G. Heavens, Linda Hinnov, Adam Huttenlocker, Cindy Looy, Lily S. Pfeifer, Stephane Pochat, Mehrdad Sardar Abadi, James Zambito, and the Deep Dust workshop participants
Sci. Dril., 28, 93–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-93-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-28-93-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The events of the Permian — the orogenies, biospheric turnovers, icehouse and greenhouse antitheses, and Mars-analog lithofacies — boggle the imagination and present us with great opportunities to explore Earth system behavior. Here we outline results of workshops to propose continuous coring of continental Permian sections in western (Anadarko Basin) and eastern (Paris Basin) equatorial Pangaea to retrieve continental records spanning 50 Myr of Earth's history.
Andrew Cohen, Colleen Cassidy, Ryan Crow, Jordon Bright, Laura Crossey, Rebecca Dorsey, Brian Gootee, Kyle House, Keith Howard, Karl Karlstrom, and Philip Pearthree
Sci. Dril., 26, 59–67, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-59-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-26-59-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This paper summarizes a workshop held in Parker, AZ, USA, to discuss planned scientific drilling in the Miocene(?) or early Pliocene Bouse Formation, a controversial deposit (of lacustrine, marine, or some hybrid origin) found in the lower Colorado River valley. The drilling project is intended to address this controversy as well as shed light on Pliocene climates of southwestern North America during an important period of past climate change.
Paul E. Olsen, John W. Geissman, Dennis V. Kent, George E. Gehrels, Roland Mundil, Randall B. Irmis, Christopher Lepre, Cornelia Rasmussen, Dominique Giesler, William G. Parker, Natalia Zakharova, Wolfram M. Kürschner, Charlotte Miller, Viktoria Baranyi, Morgan F. Schaller, Jessica H. Whiteside, Douglas Schnurrenberger, Anders Noren, Kristina Brady Shannon, Ryan O'Grady, Matthew W. Colbert, Jessie Maisano, David Edey, Sean T. Kinney, Roberto Molina-Garza, Gerhard H. Bachman, Jingeng Sha, and the CPCD team
Sci. Dril., 24, 15–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-15-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-24-15-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The Colorado Plateau Coring Project-1 recovered ~ 850 m of core in three holes at two sites in the Triassic fluvial strata of Petrified Forest National Park, AZ, USA. The cores have abundant zircon, U-Pb dateable layers (210–241 Ma) that along with magnetic polarity stratigraphy, validate the eastern US-based Newark-Hartford astrochronology and timescale, while also providing temporal and environmental context for the vast geological archives of the Triassic of western North America.
Wim Westerhoff, Timme Donders, and Stefan Luthi
Sci. Dril., 21, 47–51, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-47-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-21-47-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The CONOSC (COring the NOrth Sea Cenozoic) project brings scientists together that aim at scientific drilling of the north-western European marginal seas where in the last 65 million years the influence of sea and land was recorded continuously in the sediments. The subsiding area is ideally suited for detailed study of the relations between changing climate, biodiversity, and changing land masses. The report discusses the ICDP workshop outcome and overall project aims.
B. Giaccio, E. Regattieri, G. Zanchetta, B. Wagner, P. Galli, G. Mannella, E. Niespolo, E. Peronace, P. R. Renne, S. Nomade, G. P. Cavinato, P. Messina, A. Sposato, C. Boschi, F. Florindo, F. Marra, and L. Sadori
Sci. Dril., 20, 13–19, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-13-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-13-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
As a pilot study for a possible depth-drilling project, an 82m long sedimentary succession was retrieved from the Fucino Basin, central Apennines, which hosts ca. 900m of lacustrine sediments. The acquired paleoclimatic record, from the retrieved core, spans the last 180ka and reveals noticeable variations related to the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. In light of these results, the Fucino sediments are likely to provide one of the longest continuous record for the last 2Ma.
P. A. Baker, S. C. Fritz, C. G. Silva, C. A. Rigsby, M. L. Absy, R. P. Almeida, M. Caputo, C. M. Chiessi, F. W. Cruz, C. W. Dick, S. J. Feakins, J. Figueiredo, K. H. Freeman, C. Hoorn, C. Jaramillo, A. K. Kern, E. M. Latrubesse, M. P. Ledru, A. Marzoli, A. Myrbo, A. Noren, W. E. Piller, M. I. F. Ramos, C. C. Ribas, R. Trnadade, A. J. West, I. Wahnfried, and D. A. Willard
Sci. Dril., 20, 41–49, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-41-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-41-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We report on a planned Trans-Amazon Drilling Project (TADP) that will continuously sample Late Cretaceous to modern sediment in a transect along the equatorial Amazon of Brazil, from the Andean foreland to the Atlantic Ocean. The TADP will document the evolution of the Neotropical forest and will link biotic diversification to changes in the physical environment, including climate, tectonism, and landscape. We will also sample the ca. 200Ma basaltic sills that underlie much of the Amazon.
D. J. Condon, P. Boggiani, D. Fike, G. P. Halverson, S. Kasemann, A. H. Knoll, F. A. Macdonald, A. R. Prave, and M. Zhu
Sci. Dril., 19, 17–25, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-17-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-19-17-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This workshop report outlines the background, topics discussed and major conclusions/future directions arising form an ICDP- and ECORD-sponsored workshop convened to discuss the utility of scientific drilling for accelerating Neoproterozoic research.
J. S. Wellner
Sci. Dril., 18, 11–11, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-11-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-11-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Aber, J. S. and Ber, A.: Glaciotectonism, Elsevier, London, UK, 2007. a
Akçar, N., Ivy-Ochs, S., Alfimov, V., Schlunegger, F., Claude, A., Reber, R., Christl, M., Vockenhuber, C., Dehnert, A., Rahn, M., and
Schlüchter, C.: Isochron-burial dating of glaciofluvial deposits: First
results from the Swiss Alps, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 42,
2414–2425, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4201, 2017. a
Anselmetti, F. S., Preusser, F., Bavec, M., Crouzet, C., Fiebig, M., Gabriel,
G., Ravazzi, C., and Spoetl, C.: Drilling overdeepened Alpine valleys (DOVE),
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 12–17 April 2014, Vienna, Austria, p. 12437, 2014. a
Auclair, M., Lamothe, M., and Huot, S.: Measurement of anomalous fading for
feldspar IRSL using SAR, Radiat. Meas., 37, 487–492,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00018-0, 2003. a
Beakawi Al-Hashemi, H. M. and Baghabra Al-Amoudi, O. S.: A review on the
angle of repose of granular materials, Powder Technol., 330, 397–417,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.02.003, 2018. a
Benn, D. I.: Fabric signature of subglacial till deformation,
Breidamerkurjökull, Iceland, Sedimentology, 42, 735–747,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb00406.x, 1995. a
Beug, H.: Leitfaden der Pollenbestimmung für Mitteleuropa und angrenzende Gebiete, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, Germany, 542 pp., 2004. a
Bickel, L., Lüthgens, C., Lomax, J., and Fiebig, M.: The timing of the
penultimate glaciation in the northern Alpine Foreland: new insights from
luminescence dating, P. Geologist. Assoc., 126,
536–550, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.08.002, 2015. a
Bini, A., Buoncristiani, J., Couterrand, S., Ellwanger, D., Felber, M.,
Florineth, D., Graf, H., Keller, O., Kelly, M., and Schlüchter, C.: Die
Schweiz während des letzteiszeitlichen Maximums (LGM), Bundesamt
für Landestopografie swisstopo, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland, 2009. a
Blaser, P., Gubler, T., Küpfer, T., Marschall, P., Matter, A., Matyas, J., Meier, B., Müller, W., Schlanke, S., Schlunegger, F., Siber, N., and
Wyss, E.: Geothermiebohrung Bassersdorf. Charakterisierung der Oberen
Meeresmolasse und Unteren Süsswassermolasse, Tech. Rep. NTB 94-01, Nagra,
Wettingen, Switzerland, 1994. a, b
Boulton, G., Dobbie, K., and Zatsepin, S.: Sediment deformation beneath
glaciers and its coupling to the subglacial hydraulic system, Quatern.
Int., 86, 3–28, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00048-9, 2001. a, b, c
Brauer, A., Allen, J. R., Mingram, J., Dulski, P., Wulf, S., and Huntley, B.:
Evidence for last interglacial chronology and environmental change from
Southern Europe, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104,
450–455, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603321104, 2007. a
Broster, B.: Glacitectonic deformation in sediment and bedrock, Hat Creek,
British Columbia, Geogr. Phys. Quatern., 45, 5–20, 1991. a
Buechi, M. W., Frank, S. M., Graf, H. R., Menzies, J., and Anselmetti, F. S.:
Subglacial emplacement of tills and meltwater deposits at the base of
overdeepened bedrock troughs, Sedimentology, 64, 658–685,
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12319, 2017. a, b, c, d
Buylaert, J. P., Murray, A. S., Thomsen, K. J., and Jain, M.: Testing the
potential of an elevated temperature IRSL signal from K-feldspar, Radiat.
Meas., 44, 560–565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.02.007, 2009. a, b, c, d
Clark, P. U., Archer, D., Pollard, D., Blum, J. D., Rial, J. A., Brovkin, V.,
Mix, A. C., Pisias, N. G., and Roy, M.: The middle Pleistocene transition:
characteristics, mechanisms, and implications for long-term changes in
atmospheric pCO2, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 3150–3184, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.07.008, 2006. a
Claude, A., Akçar, N., Ivy-Ochs, S., Schlunegger, F., Kubik, P. W.,
Christl, M., Vockenhuber, C., Kuhlemann, J., Rahn, M., and Schlüchter,
C.: Changes in landscape evolution patterns in the northern Swiss Alpine
Foreland during the mid-Pleistocene revolution, GSA Bulletin, 131,
2056–2078, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31880.1, 2019. a
Cook, S. J. and Swift, D. A.: Subglacial basins: Their origin and importance in glacial systems and landscapes, Earth-Sci. Rev., 115, 332–372,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.09.009, 2012. a
de Beaulieu, J.-L., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Reille, M., Grüger, E., Tzedakis, C., and Svobodova, H.: An attempt at correlation between the Velay pollen sequence and the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy from central Europe, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 20, 1593–1602, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00027-0, 2001. a
Dehnert, A., Preusser, F., Kramers, J. D., Akçar, N., Kubik, P. W.,
Reber, R., and Schlüchter, C.: A multi-dating approach applied to
proglacial sediments attributed to the Most Extensive Glaciation of the Swiss
Alps, Boreas, 39, 620–632, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2010.00146.x, 2010. a, b
Dreimanis, A.: Tills: their genetic terminology and classification, in: Genetic classification of glacigenic deposits, edited by: Goldthwait, R. P. and Matsch, C. L., Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 17–84, 1989. a
Duller, G. A.: Single grain optical dating of glacigenic deposits,
Quat. Geochronol., 1, 296–304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2006.05.018, 2006. a
Durcan, J. A., King, G. E., and Duller, G. A.: DRAC: Dose Rate and Age
Calculator for trapped charge dating, Quat. Geochronol., 28, 54–61,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2015.03.012, 2015. a, b
Dürst Stucki, M. and Schlunegger, F.: Identification of erosional
mechanisms during past glaciations based on a bedrock surface model of the
central European Alps, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 384, 57–70,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.009, 2013. a, b, c
Dürst Stucki, M., Reber, R., and Schlunegger, F.: Subglacial tunnel
valleys in the Alpine foreland: An example from Bern, Switzerland,
Swiss J. Geosci., 103, 363–374, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0042-0, 2010. a
Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. L., and Hughes, P. D.: Quaternary Glaciations – Extent and Chronology – A Closer Look, vol. 15 of Developments in Quaternary
Sciences, Elsevier, 1st edn., https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-20217-0, 2011. a, b
Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P., and Hughes, P.: Quaternary Glaciations and Chronology, in: Past Glacial Environments, edited by: Menzies, J. and van der Meer, J. J., 2nd edn., Elsevier, 77–101,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00003-8, 2018. a, b
Eijkelkamp: 14.10 Pocket vane tester. Operating instructions, Eijkelkamp
Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, the Netherlands, 2012. a
Evans, D. J. A., Phillips, E. R., Hiemstra, J. F., and Auton, C. A.: Subglacial till: formation, sedimentary characteristics and classification,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 78, 115–176, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2006.04.001,
2006. a, b
Fabbri, S. C., Buechi, M. W., Horstmeyer, H., Hilbe, M., Hübscher, C.,
Schmelzbach, C., Weiss, B., and Anselmetti, F. S.: A subaquatic moraine
complex in overdeepened Lake Thun (Switzerland) unravelling the deglaciation
history of the Aare Glacier, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 187, 62–79,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.010, 2018. a
Fiebig, M. and Preusser, F.: Pleistocene glaciations of the northern Alpine Foreland, Geogr. Helv., 63, 145–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/gh-63-145-2008, 2008. a
Fitzsimons, S. and Howarth, J.: Glaciolacustrine Processes, in: Past Glacial
Environments, edited by Menzies, J. and van der Meer, J. J., 2nd edn.,
Elsevier, 309–334, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00009-9,
2018. a, b, c
Gaar, D., Lowick, S. E., and Preusser, F.: Performance of different
luminescence approaches for the dating of known-age glaciofluvial deposits
from Northern Switzerland, Geochronometria, 41, 65–80,
https://doi.org/10.2478/s13386-013-0139-0, 2014. a
Galbraith, R., Roberts, R., and Yoshida, H.: Error variation in OSL palaeodose estimates from single aliquots of quartz: a factorial experiment, Radiat. Meas., 39, 289–307,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2004.03.023, 2005. a
Galbraith, R. F. and Roberts, R. G.: Statistical aspects of equivalent dose and error calculation and display in OSL dating: An overview and some
recommendations, Quat. Geochronol., 11, 1–27,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.020, 2012. a, b
Garefalakis, P. and Schlunegger, F.: Tectonic processes, variations in sediment flux, and eustatic sea level recorded by the 20 Myr old Burdigalian transgression in the Swiss Molasse basin, Solid Earth, 10, 2045–2072, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-10-2045-2019, 2019. a
Geologiebüro Kellerhals, Häfeli AG, and Staeger, D.: Blatt
1166 Bern. Geol. Atlas Schweiz 1 : 25 000, Karte 100, Bern-Wabern, Switzerland, 2000. a
Graf, A., Akc, N., Strasky, I.-o. S., Kubik, P. W., Christl, M., Burkhard, M., Wieler, R., and Schlüchter, C.: Multiple advances of Alpine glaciers into the Jura Mountains in the Northwestern Switzerland, Swiss J. Geosci., 108, 225–238, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-015-0195-y, 2015. a
Haeuselmann, P., Fiebig, M., Kubik, P. W., and Adrian, H.: A first attempt to
date the original “Deckenschotter” of Penck and Brückner with
cosmogenic nuclides, Quatern. Int., 164-165, 33–42,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.12.013, 2007a. a
Haeuselmann, P., Granger, D. E., Jeannin, P. Y., and Lauritzen, S. E.: Abrupt
glacial valley incision at 0.8 Ma dated from cave deposits in Switzerland,
Geology, 35, 143–146, https://doi.org/10.1130/G23094A, 2007b. a
Hart, J. K. and Boulton, G. S.: The interrelation of glaciotectonic and
glaciodepositional processes within the glacial environment, Quaternary
Sci. Rev., 10, 335–350, https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90035-S, 1991. a
Heim, A.: Handbuch der Gletscherkunde, J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart, Germany, 1885. a
Hornung, J. J., Asprion, U., and Winsemann, J.: Jet-efflux deposits of a
subaqueous ice-contact fan, glacial Lake Rinteln, northwestern Germany,
Sediment. Geol., 193, 167–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2005.11.024, 2007. a
Huntley, D. J. and Lamothe, M.: Ubiquity of anomalous fading in K-feldspars and the measurement and correction for it in optical dating, Can. J. Earth Sci., 38, 1093–1106, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjes-38-7-1093, 2001. a
Institut für Geologie, Universität Bern and Bundesamt für Wasser und
Geologie: Geologische Karte der Schweiz 1 : 500 000 = Carte géologique de la Suisse 1 : 500 000, Bern-Ittigen, Switzerland, 2005. a
Iverson, R. M.: The physics of debris flows, Rev. Geophys., 35,
245–296, https://doi.org/10.1029/97RG00426, 1997. a, b
Ivy-Ochs, S., Kerschner, H., Reuther, A., Preusser, F., Heine, K., Maisch, M., Kubik, P. W., and Schlüchter, C.: Chronology of the last glacial cycle in the European Alps, J. Quaternary Sci., 23, 559–573,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1202, 2008. a
Jacobs, Z., Duller, G. A., Wintle, A. G., and Henshilwood, C. S.: Extending the chronology of deposits at Blombos Cave, South Africa, back to 140 ka using optical dating of single and multiple grains of quartz, J. Hum. Evol., 51, 255–273, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.03.007,
2006. a
Jordan, P.: Analysis of overdeepened valleys using the digital elevation model of the bedrock surface of Northern Switzerland, Swiss J. Geosci.,
103, 375–384, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0043-z, 2010. a
Kars, R. H., Wallinga, J., and Cohen, K. M.: A new approach towards anomalous
fading correction for feldspar IRSL dating - tests on samples in field
saturation, Radiat. Meas., 43, 786–790,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.01.021, 2008. a, b, c, d
Keller, O. and Krayss, E.: Mittel- und spätpleistozäne
Stratigraphie und Morphogenese in Schlüsselregionen der Nordschweiz,
Quaternary Sci. J., 59, 88–119, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.59.1-2.08, 2010. a
King, G. E., Burow, C., Roberts, H. M., and Pearce, N. J.: Age determination
using feldspar: evaluating fading-correction model performance, Radiation
Measurements, 119, 58–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2018.07.013, 2018. a
Knudsen, M. F., Nørgaard, J., Grischott, R., Kober, F., Egholm, D. L.,
Hansen, T. M., and Jansen, J. D.: New cosmogenic nuclide burial-dating model
indicates onset of major glaciations in the Alps during Middle Pleistocene
Transition, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 549, 116491,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116491, 2020. a
Koutsodendris, A., Pross, J., Müller, U. C., Brauer, A., Fletcher, W. J.,
Kühl, N., Kirilova, E., Verhagen, F. T., Lücke, A., and Lotter, A. F.: A
short-term climate oscillation during the Holsteinian interglacial (MIS 11c):
An analogy to the 8.2ka climatic event?, Global Planet. Chang., 92–93,
224–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.011, 2012. a, b
Krüger, J. and Kjær, K. H.: A data chart for field description and
genetic interpretation of glacial diamicts and associated sediments - with
examples from Greenland, Iceland, and Denmark, Boreas, 28, 386–402,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00228.x, 1999. a
Kühni, A. and Pfiffner, O.: The relief of the Swiss Alps and adjacent areas
and its relation to lithology and structure: topographic analysis from a
250-m DEM, Geomorphology, 41, 285–307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00060-5,
2001. a
Lang, J., Sievers, J., Loewer, M., Igel, J., and Winsemann, J.: 3D architecture of cyclic-step and antidune deposits in glacigenic subaqueous fan and delta settings: Integrating outcrop and ground-penetrating radar data, Sediment. Geol., 362, 83–100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.10.011, 2017. a
Lang, J., Le Heron, D. P., Van den Berg, J. H., and Winsemann, J.: Bedforms and sedimentary structures related to supercritical flows in glacigenic settings, Sedimentology, 68, 1539–1579, https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12776, 2021. a
Li, B., Jacobs, Z., Roberts, R., and Li, S.-H.: Review and assessment of the
potential of post-IR IRSL dating methods to circumvent the problem of
anomalous fading in feldspar luminescence, Geochronometria, 41, 178–201,
https://doi.org/10.2478/s13386-013-0160-3, 2014. a
Lisiecki, L. E.: Links between eccentricity forcing and the 100,000-year
glacial cycle, Nat. Geosci., 3, 349–352, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo828, 2010. a
Lisiecki, L. E. and Raymo, M. E.: A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally
distributed benthic δ18O records, Paleoceanography,
20, PA1003, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004PA001071, 2005. a
Lowe, D. R.: Sediment gravity flows; II, Depositional models with special
reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents, J.
Sediment. Res., 52, 279–297, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7F31-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D, 1982. a, b
Lowick, S. E., Trauerstein, M., and Preusser, F.: Testing the application of
post IR-IRSL dating to fine grain waterlain sediments, Quat. Geochronol., 8, 33–40, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2011.12.003, 2012. a
Matter, A.: Sedimentologische Untersuchungen im östlichen Napfgebiet,
Eclogae Geol. Helv., 57, 315–428, https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-163142, 1964. a
Meichtry, N.: Last Deglaciation of the Aare Valley, Master's thesis, Instiute
of Geological Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, 2016. a
Miall, A. D.: Architectural-element analysis: a new method of facies analysis
applied to fluvial deposits, Earth-Sci. Rev., 22, 261–308,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(85)90001-7, 1985. a, b
Murray, A. S. and Wintle, A. G.: Luminescence dating of quartz using an
improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol, Radiat. Meas.,
32, 57–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00253-X, 2000. a, b
NASA/METI/AIST/Japan Spacesystems and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team: ASTER
Global Digital Elevation Model V003, https://doi.org/10.5067/ASTER/ASTGTM.003, 2019. a
Nemec, W., Lønne, I., and Blikra, L. H.: The Kregnes moraine in Gauldalen,
west-central Norway: anatomy of a Younger Dryas proglacial delta in a
palaeofjord basin, Boreas, 28, 454–476,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1999.tb00234.x, 1999. a
Parker, G., Fukushima, Y., and Pantin, H. M.: Self-accelerating turbidity
currents, J. Fluid Mech., 171, 145–181,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112086001404, 1986. a, b
Phillips, E.: Glacitectonics, in: Past Glacial Environments, edited by: Menzies, J. and van der Meer, J. J., 2nd edn., Elsevier, 467–502,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100524-8.00014-2, 2018. a, b, c
Phillips, E., Evans, D., and Auton, C.: Polyphase deformation at an oscillating ice margin following the Loch Lomond Readvance, central Scotland, UK, Sediment. Geol., 149, 157–182, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00250-0,
2002. a
Platt, N. H. and Keller, B.: Distal alluvial deposits in a foreland basin
setting – the Lower Freshwater Miocene), Switzerland: sedimentology,
architecture and palaeosols, Sedimentology, 39, 545–565,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1992.tb02136.x, 1992. a, b, c
Plink-Björklund, P.: Depositional processes and internal architecture of
Late Weichselian ice-margin submarine fan and delta settings, Swedish west
coast, Sedimentology, 46, 215–234, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1999.00195.x,
1999. a
Postma, G.: Depositional architecture and facies of river and fan deltas: a
synthesis, in: Coarse-grained deltas, edited by: Colella, A. and Prior, D.,
vol. 10 of International Association of Sedimentologists Special
Publication, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, 13–27, 1990. a, b, c, d
Powell, R. D.: Glacimarine processes at grounding-line fans and their growth to ice-contact deltas, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 53,
53–73, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.053.01.03, 1990. a
Preusser, F., Reitner, J. M., and Schlüchter, C.: Distribution, geometry, age and origin of overdeepened valleys and basins in the Alps and their foreland, Swiss J. Geosci., 103, 407–426,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-010-0044-y, 2010. a
Preusser, F., Graf, H., Keller, O., Krayss, E., and Schlüchter, C.:
Quaternary glaciation history of northern Switzerland, Quaternary Sci.
J., 60, 282–305, https://doi.org/10.3285/eg.60.2-3.06, 2011. a, b
Reille, M.: Pollen et spores d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord, Laboratoire de
Botanique historique et Palynologie, Marseille, France, 1992. a
Rose, J. and Menzies, J.: 15 – Glacial stratigraphy, in: Modern and Past
Glacial Environments, edited by: Menzies, J., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 445–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075064226-2/50018-0, 2002. a
Rosenblume, J. A. and Powell, R. D.: Glacial sequence stratigraphy of
ANDRILL-1B core reveals a dynamic subpolar Antarctic Ice Sheet in Ross Sea
during the late Miocene, Sedimentology, 66, 2072–2097,
https://doi.org/10.1111/sed.12592, 2019. a
Ruddiman, W., Raymo, M. E., and McIntyre, A.: Matuyama 41,000-year cycles:
North Atlantic Ocean and northern hemisphere ice sheets, Earth Planet.
Sc. Lett., 80, 117–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(86)90024-5, 1986. a
Rust, B. R.: Depositional models for braided alluvium, in: Fluvial
Sedimentology, eidted by: Miall, A. D., Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoirs, 5, 605–625, 1978. a
Schlüchter, C.: The Swiss glacial record – a schematic summary,
Developments in Quaternary Science, 2, 413–418,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0866(04)80092-7, 2004. a
Schultheiss, P. and Weaver, P.: Multi-sensor Core Logging For Science And
Industry, in: OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology, vol. 2, 608–613, 1992. a
Schwenk, M. A., Schlunegger, F., Gribenski, N., Schläfli, P., Bandou, D.,
Douillet, G. A., and Krbanjevic, J.: Stratigraphic and Multi Scanner Core
Logging (MSCL) data plus supplementary luminescence dating material obtained
from the scientific drilling QDR-RE-IfG and its drill site in the Aare
Valley, Bern CH, GFZ Data Services [data set], https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2021.021, 2021. a, b
Stockmarr, J.: Tabletes with spores used in absolute pollen analysis, Pollen
spores, 13, 615–621, 1971. a
Sutherland, J. L., Carrivick, J. L., Shulmeister, J., Quincey, D. J., and
James, W. H.: Ice-contact proglacial lakes associated with the last glacial
maximum across the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Quaternary Sci. Rev.,
213, 67–92, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.035, 2019. a, b
Valla, P. G., Shuster, D. L., and Van Der Beek, P. A.: Significant increase
in relief of the European Alps during mid-Pleistocene glaciations, Nat.
Geosci., 4, 688–692, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1242, 2011. a
van der Wateren, D. M.: Processes of glaciotectonism, in: Modern and Past
Glacial Environments, Elsevier, 417–443,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075064226-2/50017-9, 2002. a
Winsemann, J., Lang, J., Polom, U., Loewer, M., Igel, J., Pollok, L., and
Brandes, C.: Ice-marginal forced regressive deltas in glacial lake basins:
geomorphology, facies variability and large-scale depositional architecture,
Boreas, 47, 973–1002, https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12317, 2018.
a, b
Wintle, A. G. and Murray, A. S.: A review of quartz optically stimulated
luminescence characteristics and their relevance in single-aliquot
regeneration dating protocols, Radiat. Meas., 41, 369–391,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.11.001, 2006. a, b
Wüthrich, L., Morabito, E. G., Zech, J., Trauerstein, M., Veit, H.,
Gnägi, C., Merchel, S., Scharf, A., Rugel, G., Christl, M., and Zech,
R.: 10Be surface exposure dating of the last deglaciation in the Aare Valley, Switzerland, Swiss J. Geosci., 111, 295–303,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-018-0298-3, 2018. a
Short summary
A scientific drilling was conducted into a bedrock trough (overdeepening) in Bern-Bümpliz (Switzerland) in an effort to advance the knowledge of the Quaternary prior to 150 000 years ago. We encountered a 208.5 m-thick succession of loose sediments (gravel, sand and mud) in the retrieved core and identified two major sedimentary sequences (A: lower, B: upper). The sedimentary suite records two glacial advances and the subsequent filling of a lake sometime between 300 000 and 200 000 years ago.
A scientific drilling was conducted into a bedrock trough (overdeepening) in Bern-Bümpliz...
